大学生英语竞赛A类翻译专项强化真题试卷4
英译汉
People have attempted to simulate human voices in machines for quite some time. In the late 1700s, Hungarian scientist Wolfgang yon Kempelen used whistles, resonance chambers, and other objects to create voice sounds for his \\
1.
为了发出自然的声音，科学家们不仅需要模仿语言中每一个单独的音，也需要模仿帮助表达意义的音量、声调、节奏和语气。
解析：(not only…but also不仅…而且。natural-sounding听起来自然的。simulate模仿。)
2.
这种汽车能够给出方向，发布有关路面交通和安全状况的警报和消息，甚至能够控制汽车的某些功能，比如控制车窗的升降和播放音乐。
解析：(本句为以car为主语的多重并列句，翻译时可采用顺序法。)
3.
尽管没有出现这些声音的视觉上的载体，例如一个男人或女人的脸，但是他们还是用看人的模式来看待它。
解析：(representation表现形式，引申为“载体”。stereotype同定看法，陈规陋习。apply to适用于，与…有关。)
4.
因此，这些系统的设计者们不仅考虑到说话者的声音，也考虑到这些声音给使用者带来的心理上的影响。
解析：(not only…but also不仅…而且。psychological心理的。)
What determines the kind of person each of us develops into over a lifetime? How much are we influenced by our home environment, and how much are we influenced by our genes? (86) One way that psychologists have tried to answer these questions is by studying twins : identical twins ( coming from one fertilized egg, so sharing the same genes) and fraternal twins ( coming from different eggs, so sharing 50% of their genes). By comparing these two groups, researchers hope to be able to estimate the influence of genes versus the influence of environment on the development of many human traits, such as personality, talents, interests, and attitudes.
Psychologists from the University of Minnesota have conducted several different studies with over 8,000 pairs of twins and their families. (87) To determine what accounts for differences between twins, they have compared identical twins who were raised together with identical twins who were separated at birth and raised in different families. Their assumption is that any similarity in twins who are raised together can be attributed to both genes and environment, whereas similarities in twins raised apart are clue only to genes, since they had different environments while growing up. Their studies indicate that genes have about a 50% influence on our personalities, while our environment accounts for the other 50%.
(88) Researchers in this study have also tried to test the theory that we each develop a set of criteria for choosing a mate based on our genes and our unique experiences growing up. To do this, researchers compared the spouses of male identical twins who were raised together. They found that the spouses of these identical twins were not much more similar to each other than random pairs of people. They also found that two-thirds of the twins were \\
5.
心理学家们为了解答这些问题尝试过一种方法，即分别研究同卵双胞胎和异卵双胞胎。同卵双胞胎因为来自于同一个受精卵，所以具有相同的基因；异卵双胞胎因为来自于不同的受精卵，所以具有一半相同的基因。
解析：(此句采用了分译法将对identical twins和fraternal twins的解释单独成句。psychologist心理学家。identical twins同卵双胞胎。fertilized egg受精卵。fraternal twins异卵双胞胎。)
6.
为了研究出什么决定了双胞胎之间的差异，心理学家们比较了一起养育大的同卵双胞胎和自出生起就分别在不同家庭养育大的同卵双胞胎的情况。
解析：(account for解释，决定。本句主干为：They have compared…with…，to do结构位于句首作目的状语，句中有两个who引导的定语从句。)
7.
这项研究的研究人员还试着检验一个理论，即我们每个人基于自身的基因和各自独特的生长环境，而形成一套择偶标准。
解析：(that引导同位语从句。criteria标准，准则。mate配偶。)
8.
这些评论者质疑双胞胎研究人员的一些假设：如假设同卵双胞胎和异卵双胞胎处于相似的生长环境；假设分开养育的同卵双胞天处于完全不同的生长环境。
解析：(本句主干为critics question assumptions; \\
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