大学英语六级改革适用(段落翻译)模拟试卷366
翻译-汉译英
1. 生肖(Chinese Zodiac)是指代表着每个人出生年份的十二种动物。它是中国民间计算年龄的方法,也是一种古老的纪年法(chronology)。生肖的产生可能源于古代人对动物的崇拜。关于人们为什么选择这十二种动物,以及为什么按照这样的顺序排列,有许多传说,但并没有定论。有些人会把性格和命运跟生肖联系起来,这是没有科学依据的。中国邮政在每年新年之初都会发行生肖邮票。中国人过年的时候,也喜欢在家门贴上印有生肖的年画。
Chinese Zodiac refers to twelve animals that stand for each person’s birth year. It is a Chinese folk method of calculating age, as well as an ancient chronology. Chinese Zodiac possibly originates from ancient people’s worship of animals. There are many legends as to why people chose the twelve animals and arranged them in such an order, but no final conclusion has been reached. Some people associate character and destiny with China Zodiac, which is not scientific. At the beginning of each year China Post publishes Chinese Zodiac stamps. During the Spring Festival, Chinese people also like to stick on the door new year pictures with Chinese Zodiac printed on them.
解析:1.第一句的主干是“生肖是指十二种动物”。“十二种动物”的定语“代表着每个人出生年份”是一个动词结构,翻译时可将之处理为that引导的定语从句,放在中心名词twelve animals后面,这样句子结构更合理,避免头重脚轻。
2.第三句“生肖的产生可能源于古代人对动物的崇拜”中的“产生”和“源于”直接用originate from表达即可,因为originate from本身便含有这两个词的意思。
3.第四句“关于人们为什么选择……”的主干是“有很多传说”,可用there be句型翻译。“关于人们为什么选……这样的顺序排列”这一部分很长,可用介词短语as to表达,作为legends的修饰成分,这样处理让句子更加平衡。
4.第五句的“有些人会把性格和命运跟生肖联系起来”和“这是没有科学依据的”是两个完整的主谓结构,后半句的“这”指代前半句的内容,所以用which引导的非限制性定语从句来表达。“没有科学依据的”不必译为have no scientific basis,而译为not scientific,更加简练,符合英语表达习惯。
2. 春运(Chunyun)是指中国春节前后一段时期里出现的一种高负荷交通运输,一般从春节前15天开始,持续约40天。对大多数中国人来说,在春节期间与家人团聚是一个悠久的传统。人们从工作、读书的地方回到家里,在除夕夜与家人一起吃团圆饭。春运期间的客流量(passenger flow)在近10年来每年都已超过中国大陆的总人口。春运被称为每年世界上最大的人类迁徙活动。在这期间,铁路运输往往经历最大的考验。
Chunyun refers to the heavy traffic load in China around the time of the Spring Festival. It usually begins 15 days before the Lunar New Year’s Day and lasts for around 40 days. It is a long-held tradition for most Chinese people to reunite with their families during Chinese New Year. People return home from work or study to have reunion dinner with their families on Chinese New Year’s Eve. The passenger flow during the Chunyun period exceeded the total population of the mainland China each year in the past decade. Chunyun has been called the largest annual human migration in the world. Rail transport experiences the biggest challenge during this period.
解析:1.第一句中的“……是指……”可用refer to来表达。“春节前后的一段时间”即在春节左右,可译成aroundthe time of the Spring Festival。
2.第二句中的“对……来说,……是一个悠久的传统。”这句话符合it作形式主语的用法:It+is/was+a./n.+to do sth.。在这里,it代替句子的真正主语“与家人团聚(to reunite with their families)”。
3.第三句中的“从工作、读书的地方”不必译成from the place they work or study,直接说from work orstudy,更简单明了。
4.最后一句中的“铁路运输往往经历……”,在这里“往往”说明这是一种习惯状态,所以用一般现在时。
3. 算盘(abacus/复数形式abaci)是中国传统的计算工具,是中国古代的一项重要发明。现在的算盘形状不一、材质各异。一般的算盘多是木制的,也有用塑料制成的。算盘价格便宜,运算简便,所以在中国被广泛使用。即使现代最先进的电子计算器也不能完全取代算盘。自古以来,算盘都是商人们用来算账的,因此算盘也被当作象征富贵的吉祥物(mascot)。另外,由于打算盘需要脑、眼、手的密切配合,所以它被认为是锻炼大脑的一种有效方法。
The abacus, a traditional Chinese calculation tool, is a significant invention in ancient China. Today’s abaci are in different shapes and made of various materials. A vast majority of abaci are made of wood while some are made of plastic. The abacus is widely used in China because it is low in price and simple in calculation. Even the most advanced electronic calculator can not replace the abacus completely. Since ancient times, the abacus
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