大学英语六级改革适用(段落翻译)模拟试卷373
翻译-汉译英
1. 民间禁忌(folk taboo)是人类社会普遍存在的文化现象。在中国,饮食、婚嫁、居住、社交等方面都有禁忌。有些禁忌有利于人际交往,应该提倡和发扬。比如,在宴席上,主人不能先于客人吃饭,而客人也不能未请先动。而有些禁忌是迷信的,迷惑了人的思想、束缚了人的行为。许多中国人认为结婚不能选奇数(odd number)的日子,因为中国人认为奇数不如偶数(even number)吉利。正月初一不能扫地,因为会将财气扫出。因此,我们要科学地对待禁忌,趋利避害。
Folk taboo is a universal cultural phenomenon in human society. In China, there are taboos in diet, marriage, living, social activities, etc. Some taboos are beneficial to social communication so they should be advocated and developed. For example, at a banquet, the host cannot eat before the guests do, while the guest cannot eat without the host’s invitation. However, some taboos are regarded as superstitions that confuse people and constrain their behavior. Many Chinese people think that the date of a wedding should not be of an odd number, which is considered to be less lucky than an even number. On Lunar New Year’s Day people can’t sweep the floor, because it may sweep the wealth out. Therefore, taboos should be treated scientifically in order to draw on advantages and avoid disadvantages.
解析:1.“饮食、婚嫁、居住、社交等方面都有禁忌”符合“某处有某物”的表达方式,所以可使用there be句型来表达。
2.“有些禁忌有利于人际交往”和“应该提倡和发展下去”之间是因果关系,所以译文用so连接;在“应该提倡和发展下去”中,逻辑上的主语是“有些禁忌”,译文应使用被动语态。
3.“主人不能先于客人吃饭”和“而客人也不能未请先动”之间是对比关系,所以译文用while连接,表达两句之间的逻辑关系。此处的“请”应翻译成invitation,即主人邀请客人动筷。
4.“许多中国人认为结婚不能选奇数的日子,因为中国人认为奇数不如偶数吉利”,使用which引导的非限制性定语从句,指代“奇数的日子”,因为前半句的“奇数”和后半句的“奇数”指代相同,这样可使表达更加简练。
5.“正月初一不能扫地”和“因为会将财气扫出”之间是因果关系,所以用because连接;在“正月初一不能扫地”中,“正月初一”是时间状语,而不是主语,所以译文应增加主语people。
2. 唐三彩(the Tang tri-colored glazed pottery)是一种以黄、褐、绿为基本色的陶器(ceramics),它盛行于唐代,距今已有1300多年的历史。它吸取了中国国画、雕塑等工艺美术的特点,以其鲜明的色彩、独特的制作工艺深得人们的喜爱。唐三彩富有生活气息(flavor),涉及生活的方方面面,从逼真的动物造型、生动的人物形象到日常生活用品,展现了当时唐朝丰富多彩的社会生活和辉煌的文化。作为一种传统工艺品,唐三彩不仅在中国的陶器史占据特殊地位,而且对中外文化的交流也起到了相当重要的作用。
The Tang tri-colored glazed pottery was a type of ceramics using three basic colors of yellow, brown and green. It prevailed in Tang Dynasty and had a history of more than 1,300 years. Absorbing the characteristics of Chinese painting, sculpture and other arts and crafts,the Tang tri-colored glazed pottery was deeply favored by people on account of its bright colors and unique craftsmanship. The Tang tri-colored glazed pottery had the rich flavor of life and covered almost every aspects of life, from lifelike animals, vivid figures to daily household items, which displayed the colorful social life and the splendid culture of Tang Dynasty. As a traditional craft, the Tang tri-colored glazed pottery not only occupied a special place in the history of Chinese ceramics but also played a significant role in the cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries.
解析:1.第一个句子较长,后面出现三个并列分句,“是……”、“盛行于……、“有……”,翻译时可将句子拆译成两个独立的英文句。第一句讲唐三彩的基本色调,第二句讲它盛行的年代和历史。“以黄、褐、绿为基本色的”可使用现在分词作定语using three basic colors...修饰ceramics。
2.第二句的主干为“它深得人们的喜爱”,翻译时可使用被动语态…was deeply favored by…,喜爱的原因“以其鲜明的色彩、独特的制作工艺”可用on account of(由于)连接。“它吸取了中国国画、雕塑等工艺美术的特点”可使用现在分词作状语,译作absorbing the characteristics of Chinese painting,sculptureand other arts and crafts。
3.第三句较长,可将“唐三彩富有生活气息,涉及生活的方方面面”确定为句子主干,“从逼真的动物造型、生动的人物形象到日常生活用品”可用from...to…结构来表达。“展现了当时唐朝丰富多彩的社会生活和辉煌文化”可使用which引导的非限制性定语从句来表达。
4.最后一句中“作为一种传统工艺品”可使用介词as引导,表示“作为……”。翻译“唐三彩不仅……,而且……”时,可使用not only...but also...结构增强句子的逻辑性。
3. “中华老字号(China Time-honored Brand)”是指一些具有独特工艺和
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