大学英语六级改革适用（段落翻译）模拟试卷465
翻译-汉译英
1. 筷子的使用要追溯到古时候，那时候大部分中国人还是农民。那些农夫不想用脏手拿取食物，也不想被烫着，所以就开始用小树枝(twig)来夹取食物。因为中国人从小就使用筷子，所以他们觉得筷子效率很高，用起来很简单。筷子有木制的、竹制的和塑料制的，通常用右手使用。筷子的使用已经成为中国饮食文化的一部分。现如今，筷子除了作为餐具，还有了许多新的功能，比如，你可以买精致的筷子作为礼物送给朋友和亲戚。
The use of chopsticks dates back to ancient times when most Chinese were peasants. Those farmers didn’t want to use their dirty hands to pick up foods, nor did they want to get burned, so they began using twigs to pick them up. Since Chinese begin using chopsticks as children, they find them efficient and easy to use. Chopsticks are made of wood, bamboo and plastic, and are generally held with the right hand. The use of chopsticks has been a part of Chinese food culture. Nowadays, chopsticks serve as many new functions besides tableware. For example, you can buy exquisite chopsticks as a gift to your friends and relatives.
解析：1．第一句中，“追溯到……”可译为dates back to…。
2．第二句中，“也不想”用nor表示，该词放在句首时，句子需要部分倒装，故将助动词did提前，译为nor did they want to get burned。
3．第三句中，“他们觉得筷子效率很高，用起来很简单”应根据英语的表达习惯，合译为：“…they find them efficient and easy to use．”。
4．第四句中，“筷子有木制的、竹制的和塑料制的”，这里由于可以看出原材料，所以使用短语be made of…。
5．第六句中，“除了作为餐具”译作介词短语作状语，即besides tableware，其中besides表示“除……之外(还有)”。
2. 灯笼作为民间传统工艺(craftwork)，现在仍受到全国各地的欢迎。灯笼艺术，作为中国珍贵传统文化的一部分，在民间仍被继承(inherit)着。我们可以说灯笼在中国悠久的历史中发挥着巨大而不可替代的作用，它象征着灿烂的中国文化。中国灯笼不但在中国历史上扮演着重要的角色，在国际发明、发展上也做出了巨大的贡献。一些西方国家通过传教士(missionary)活动和对外贸易，掌握了中国灯笼的设计及制作技巧，极大地促进了其社会发展。
Lanterns, the traditional folk craftwork, are still popular all over the country now. The art of lanterns, as a part of the precious traditional Chinese culture, is still inherited among the people. We can say that lanterns played an important and irreplaceable role in Chinese long history, and they also symbolize the brilliant culture of China. Chinese lanterns not only played an important role in Chinese history, but also made great contributions to the international inventions. Some Western countries got the skills of designing and making Chinese lanterns by means of missionaries and foreign trading, which greatly fastened their social development.
解析：1．第一句中，“民间传统工艺”在这里就是指“灯笼”，可以处理为同位语。
2．第二句中，“在民间”这里主要指“人”，译作among the people比较合适。
3．第三句中，“灯笼在中国悠久的历史中发挥着巨大而不可替代的作用，它象征着灿烂的中国文化”在翻译时前后两个分句应该使用不同的时态，前一个分句用一般过去时，第二个分句则应该使用一般现在时。
4．第四句中的“做出了巨大的贡献”译为made great contributions to…。
5．在最后一句中，“通过……”译为by means of…更贴切。
3. 今天，剪纸(paper-cutting)和古代一样是一项技术性很高的艺术形式，它需要创造力、技巧和经验。无论是简单的还是复杂的形式，每一个设计必须形成一个连续的、完整的(integral)剪纸。仔细研究你会发现中国人形成的那种巧妙的剪法既连接了内部的各个部分，还保持了图形的完整性。总体来说，剪纸有两种方法：一种是用剪子，另一种是用刀。由于窗户上的薄纸被玻璃替代，剪纸逐渐变得不那么流行。直到近几年，这门古老的艺术才以令人难忘的新形式再次繁荣起来。
Today, as in the ancient times, paper-cutting is a highly technical art form requiring creativity, skills and experience. No matter how simple or complex every design is, it must be formed as an unbroken and integral piece. With careful study, you will notice the ingenious cutting that the Chinese have developed not only connects various parts of the picture, but also doesn’t spoil the picture. Generally, there are two common methods for paper-cutting, with scissors or with knives. As glass replaced the thin paper on the windows, paper-cutting became less popular. Until recent years, this ancient art flourishes once again in an impressively new and inventive way.
解析：1．第一句中，“需
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