2015年下半年笔译三级实务真题试卷
英译汉
1. The Republic of Ireland is a sovereign state in Western Europe, occupying about five-sixths of the island of Ireland. The capital and largest city is Dublin, whose metropolitan area is home to around a quarter of the country’s 4.6 million inhabitants. The state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland. It is a unitary, parliamentary republic with an elected president serving as head of state. The head of government is nominated by the lower house of parliament.
Following the Irish War of Independence and the subsequent Anglo-Irish Treaty, Ireland gained effective independence from the United Kingdom in 1922. Initially a dominion within the British Empire, Ireland received official British recognition of full legislative independence in the Statute of Westminster of 1931. Anew constitution was adopted in 1937, by which the name of the state became Ireland. In 1949, Ireland was declared a republic under the Republic of Ireland Act 1948.
Ireland ranks among the wealthiest countries in the world in terms of GDP per capita. After joining the European Economic Community in 1973, Ireland enacted a series of liberal economic policies that resulted in rapid economic growth, coupled with a dramatic rise in inequality. The country achieved considerable prosperity from 1995 to 2007. This was halted by an unprecedented financial crisis that began in 2008, in conjunction with the concurrent global economic crash.
In 2011 and 2013, Ireland was ranked as the seventh-most developed country in the world by the United Nations Human Development Index. It also performs well in freedom of the press, economic freedom and civil liberties. It pursues a policy of neutrality through non-alignment.
The population of Ireland stood at 4,588,252 in 2011, an increase of 8.2 percent since 2006. As of 2011, Ireland had the highest birth rate in the European Union (16 births per 1,000 of population). In 2012, 35.1 percent of births were to unmarried women. Annual population growth rates exceeded 2 percent in the 2002-2006 period, which was attributed to high rates of natural increase and immigration. This rate declined somewhat during the subsequent 2006-2011 period, with an average annual growth rate of 1.6 percent.
Ireland ranks fifth in the world in terms of gender equality. In 2011, Ireland was ranked the most charitable country in Europe, and second-most charitable in the world. Contraception was controlled in Ireland until 1979. However, the receding influence of the Catholic Church has led to an increasingly secularized society. In 1983, the Eighth Amendment recognized \\
爱尔兰共和国是西欧的一个主权国家，国土面积约占爱尔兰岛的六分之五。首都都柏林是爱尔兰最大的城市，全国460万人口中，约有四分之一居住在都柏林市区。爱尔兰仅与北爱尔兰陆地接壤，是单一制议会制共和国，其总统为国家元首，由人民选举产生。政府首脑由众议院提名产生。
爱尔兰在独立战争之后，签署了《英爱条约》(Anglo-Irish Treaty)，并于1922年脱离英国获得独立。起初，爱尔兰只是大英帝国的一个自治领。1931年，英国通过了《威斯敏斯特条例》(Statute of Westminster)，正式承认爱尔兰拥有完全独立的立法权。1937年，爱尔兰通过新宪法，把国名正式定为爱尔兰。1949年，爱尔兰通过《1948年爱尔兰共和国法案》(Republic of Ireland Act 1948)，宣布成为共和国。
按照人均国内生产总值计算，爱尔兰是世界上最富有的国家之一。1973年，爱尔兰在加入欧洲经济共同体后实行了一系列自由经济政策，促进了经济的快速增长，但也加剧了贫富差距。1995年至2007年间，爱尔兰经济欣欣向荣。然而，随着2008年空前的金融危机与全球性经济崩溃，这一良好的经济态势戛然而止。
在2011年和2013年联合国发布的《人类发展报告》(United Nations Human Development Index)中，爱尔兰位列最发达国家第七位。在新闻自由、经济自由和公民自由等方面，爱尔兰表现出色。该国奉行不结盟的中立外交政策。
2011年，爱尔兰人口为4 588 252人，与2006年相比增长了8．2％。截至2011年，爱尔兰的出生率为千分之十六，居欧
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