银行系统招聘考试（英语）历年真题试卷汇编21
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If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today，he would probably represent civil servant．When Hoffa’s Teamsters were in their prime in 1960，only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union；now 36％ do．In 2009，the number of unionists in America’s public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector．In Britain，more than half of public—sector workers but only about 15％of private．sector ones are unionized．
There are three reasons for the public-sector unions’ thriving．First，they can shut things down without suffering much in the way of consequences．Second，they are mostly bright and well-educated．A quarter of America’s public，sector workers have a university degree．Third，they now dominate left-of-centre politics．Some of their ties go back a long way．Britain’s Labor Party，as its name implies．has long been associated with trade unionism．Its current leader，Ed Miliband，owes his position to votes from public-sector unions．
At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome．Mark Baldassare of the Public Police Institute of California points out that much of the state’s budget is patrolled by unions．The teachers’ unions keep an eye on schools．the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care．
In many rich countries average wages in the state sector are higher than in the private one．But the real gains come in benefits and work practices．Politicians have repeatedly ‘‘backloaded” public-sector pay deals．keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous．
Reform has been vigorously opposed，perhaps most notoriously in education，where charter schools．academies and merit pay all faced drawn-out battles．Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable，teachers’ unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones．
As the cost to everyone else has become clearer，politicians have begun to clamp down．In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker，the hardline Republican governor．But many within the public sector suffer under the current system，too．
John Donahue at Harvard’s Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western civil services suit those who want to stay put but is bad for high achievers．The only American public-sector workers who earn well above $ 25o．ooo a year are university spots coaches and the president of the United States．Bankers’ fat pay packets have attracted much criticism，but a public-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much bigger problem for America．
1.It can be learned from the first paragraph that ________．(C)
A. Teamsters still have a large body of members
B. Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servant
C. unions have enlarged their public-sector membership
D. the government has improved its relationship with unionists
解析：推断题。根据题干定位在第一段。段中说，美国政府职员加入工会的比例由以前的1o％增长到现在的36％，2009 年美国公共部门里的工会成员数量超过了私营部门里的工会成员。由此可知，美国工会来自公共部门的会员比例已经扩大，故C项为正确答案。A 项“Teamsters依然有大量的会员”原文未提。B 项“Jimmy Hoffa 曾经是一名公务员”属于过度推断。D 项“政府已经改善了其同工会会员之间的关系”属于主观臆断，文中并未提及。
2.Which of the following is true of Paragraph 27(D)
A. Public-sector unions are prudent in taking actions．
B. Ed
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