银行系统招聘考试（英语）历年真题试卷汇编33
阅读理解
According to sociologists，there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group．In the family，traditional cultural patterns confer leader ship on one or both of the parents．In other cases，such as friendship groups，one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders，although there is no formal process of selection．In larger groups，leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment．
Although leaders are often thought to be people with an usual personal ability，decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural Leaders”．It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common；rather，virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group．
Research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals．Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by asocial group．Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things done”．Expressive leader ship，on the other hand，is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-beings of a social group’s members．Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them．
Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members．They give others and may discipline group members who inhibit(阻碍)attainment of the group’s goals．Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group．They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group．As the difference in these two roles suggest，expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members； instrumental leaders， if they are successful in promoting group goals，may enjoy a more distant respect．
1.What does the passage mainly discuss?(D)
A. The problems faced by leaders．
B. How leadership differs in small and large groups．
C. How social groups determine who will lead them．
D. The role of leaders in social groups．
解析：主旨题。文章主要讲述不同的领导者(如instrumental leaders以及expressive leaders)在不同的社会群体中所充当的角色和发挥的功能。所以D项为正确答案。A、B、C三项都不能正确概括本文主旨。
2.The passage mentions all of the following ways by which people can become leaders except ________.(C)
A. recruitment
B. formal election process
C. specific leadership training
D. traditional cultural patterns
解析：细节题。短文第一段指出了成为领导者的不同方式：traditional cultural patterns。election or recruitment，C项“specific leadership training’’在文中并没有提及。
3.Which of the following statements about leadership can be inferred from Paragraph 27(A)
A. A person who is an effective leader of a particular group may not be an effective leader in another group.
B. Few people succeed in sharing a leadership role with another person．
C. A person can best learn how to be an effective leader by studying research on leadership．
D. M0st people desire to be leaders but can produce little evidence of their qualifications·
解析：推断题。短文第二段指出“It seems that there is no set
本文档预览：3500字符，共12516字符，源文件无水印，下载后包含无答案版和有答案版，查看完整word版点下载
