考研英语二（阅读）模拟试卷228
阅读理解
Since the emergence of the welfare state, adults who want to work have generally found themselves in one of two positions: earning a wage from jobs or receiving unemployment benefits. The pandemic has led many people to find themselves in a halfway stage—furlough. This often involves the state paying a large slice of employees\’ wages so that firms can keep them on the payroll during the lockdown.
How effective is this approach? A new paper by Morten Bennedsen of INSEAD Business School in France and colleagues surveyed 8,781 Danish firms with anywhere between three and 2,000 employees. Around two-thirds of the firms said that the effect of the pandemic on their revenues had been negative. The Danish government offered a variety of financial-aid programmes to firms, including a furlough scheme which paid 75％ of salary costs to eligible companies. The aid seemed to work. Firms that received it laid off fewer workers and furloughed more people than firms which received no aid at all. But, as the authors point out, this definition of success might be subject to a selection bias—firms that wanted to furlough workers may have been likelier to apply for aid. If these findings are replicated elsewhere, furlough schemes may be adopted in future recessions.
There are two obvious concerns about such support schemes. The first is the cost. The British scheme, which started in March, is expected to cost around £60bn by the scheduled end in October, or a bit less than 3％ of GDP. The second problem is that such schemes may prevent the necessary role that recessions play in \\
1.According to Paragraph 1, in welfare states,________.(D)
A. people at work could receive relief fund.
B. adults suffer from great financial pressure.
C. unemployment benefits are hard to obtain.
D. basic economic security is guaranteed.
解析：细节题。根据题干关键词welfare states定位至第一段第一句。由该句adults who want to work have generally found themselves in one of two positions：earning a wage from jobs or receiving unemployment benefits(想要工作的成年人发现自己通常处于这两种状态之一：通过工作赚取工资或领取失业救济金)可知，D项是对上述信息的适度推断。故本题选D。A项根据第一段第一句设置干扰，原文提到receiving unemployment benefits(领取失业救济金)，并未提及“在职人员可领取”，该项为无中生有；B项根据第一段第一句中adults设置干扰，但文中仅能推出疫情期间部分成年人面，临经济压力，并不能推出福利国家的所有成年人均面临压力，该项过度推断；C项根据第一段第一句中unemployment benefits设置干扰，原文并未提及失业救济金“难以获得”，该项为无中生有。
2.It can be learned from the new paper by Morten Bennedsen that________.(A)
A. financial-aid programmes have positive impacts.
B. most companies weathered the economic crisis.
C. Danish firms pay most of wages to the workers.
D. the furlough scheme will be adopted widely.
解析：推断题。根据题干关键词new paper，Morten Bennedsen定位至第二段第二句。该句无法解题，需继续查看下文。由第二段第五句The aid seemed to work(援助计划似乎起到了作用)和第六句Firms that received it laid off fewer workers and furloughed more people than firms which received no aid at all(与没有接受任何援助的公
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