笔译三级实务模拟试卷45
英译汉
1. US enrollment of international students declined for the second year in a row, sending waves of unease across American colleges and universities, which see students from abroad as a buffer against the falling number of US high-school students graduating each year.
The number of new international students enrolling at American institutions fell by 6.6 percent during the 2017-18 academic year, on top of a 3.3 percent decline the year before, according to a report by the Institute of International Education.
The drop takes the number of new students back to the level seen three or four years ago. At the University of Central Missouri, foreign enrollment surged to 2, 600 in 2016 before plummeting to just 650 this year. At Purdue University, one of the nation’s biggest hubs for international students, total foreign enrollment fell by 2 percent this year.
Meanwhile, the total number of international students in the US plus those working here on a student visa rose by just 1.5 percent this year. That was down from average annual growth of 6.1 percent over the past decade, a period during which enrollment of international students doubled.
Similar to previous years, the largest numbers of students came from China, India and South Korea, which together made up 56.1 percent of all international students.
The US is also losing students to English-speaking countries such as Canada, Australia and the UK, which have all seen growth in the past year. Canada reported a 20 percent jump in 2017, while Australia saw a 12 percent increase. Students from abroad are still flocking to the coasts, but are less interested in the South and Midwest.
Several factors are driving the decrease. Visa and immigration policy changes by the Trump administration have deterred some international students from enrolling, college administrators and immigration analysts said.
A strong dollar has made US college tuition relatively more expensive; Canadian and European universities are competing fiercely for the same students and headlines about mass shootings also may have deterred some students, said Allan Goodman, president of HE.
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美国大学里国际学生的入学人数连续第二年下降，这使美国各大学惴惴不安。这些大学将海外学生视为国内生源不足的缓冲，因为美国高中毕业生人数连年下降。
美国国际教育协会的一项报告显示，2017—2018学年，美国各大学国际学生新生的数量下降了6．6％，而上一年的下降率为3．3％。
这使美国大学国际学生新生数量降到了三四年前的水平。2016年，中央密苏里大学的国际学生入学人数猛增至2600人，今年则骤降至650人。普渡大学是美国最大的国际学生接收学校之一，今年的国际学生总数也下降了2％。
同时，美国国际学生与持学生签证在美国工作的人数总和今年只增加了1．5％，低于过去十年6．1％的年均增长率，而在过去十年中，国际学生人数则翻了一番。
和前些年类似，来自中国、印度和韩国的留学生最多，占美国国际学生总数的56．1％。
美国在国际学生招生方面还输给了加拿大、澳大利亚和英国等英语国家，这些国家去年的国际学生数量都呈增长趋势。2017年，加拿大招收的国际学生人数增长了20％，澳大利亚增长了12％。赴美留学生仍在涌向美国沿海地区，但对美国南部和中西部却兴趣索然。
赴美留学生人数下降的原因是多方面的。美国大学管理人员和移民分析师认为，特朗普政府签证政策与移民政策的变化打消了一些留学生赴美留学的念头。
国际教育协会主席艾伦-古德曼说，美元的强势地位使美国大学的学费相对更高；加拿大和欧洲的大学也在激烈地竞争，抢夺生源；有关美国大规模枪击案的新闻报道也会打消一些学生赴美留学的念头。
“从安全问题到费用问题，或许还有对签证政策的各种看法，所有这一切都很重要。”古德曼说， “我们听说，学生有很多选择；我们也听说，其他国家也在竞相争夺生源。”
国际招生专家阿历杭德拉-索莎-皮埃若尼为一家帮助大学提高入学率的咨询公司工作，她认为这一变化是政治原因、地理因素和学校品牌推广共同作用的结果。
“学生觉得在某些州不受欢迎，所以就不会选择那些州，而是去一些他们认为会受到欢迎的地方。”她说。
国际学生能带来大笔收入。仅在2017—2018学年，国际学生就为美国大学的金库投了420亿美元。
当政府资助等传统的经费来源紧张时，国际学生已成为美国大学重要的资金来源。因为多数读本科的国际学生不符合美国大学按需求评定的助学金申请条件，所以必须全额支付学费及其他费用。
但是，去年美国学生出国留学的人数却增加了2％。美国学生出国留学人数八年来持续稳定地增长，尽管速度缓慢。欧洲一直是关国学生首选的留学目的地，其次是拉丁美洲和亚洲。本文档预览：3500字符，共8762字符，源文件无水印，下载后包含无答案版和有答案版，查看完整word版点下载
