笔译三级实务模拟试卷48
英译汉
1. As digital technologies and automation have advanced, fears about workers’ futures have increased. But, the end result does not have to be negative. The key is education.
Already, robots are taking over a growing number of routine and repetitive tasks, putting workers in some sectors under serious pressure. In South Korea, which has the world’s highest density of industrial robots — 631 per 10, 000 workers — manufacturing employment is declining, and youth unemployment is high. In the United States, the increased use of robots has, according to a 2017 study, hurt employment and wages.
But while technological progress undoubtedly destroys jobs, it also creates them. The invention of motor vehicles largely wiped out jobs building or operating horse-drawn carriages, but generated millions more not just in automobile factories, but also in related sectors like road construction.
The challenge today lies in the fact that the production and use of increasingly advanced technologies demand new, often higher-level skills, which cannot simply be picked up on the job. Given this, countries need to ensure that all of their residents have access to high-quality education and training programs that meet the needs of the labor market. The outcome of the race between technology and education will determine whether the opportunities presented by major innovations are seized, and whether the benefits of progress are widely shared.
In a report by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), 66% of executives surveyed were dissatisfied with the skill level of young employees, and 52% said a skills gap was an obstacle to their firm’s performance. Meanwhile, according to a survey, 21% of workers reported feeling over-educated for their jobs.
This suggests that formal education is teaching workers the wrong things, and that deep reform is essential to facilitate the development of digital knowledge and technical skills, as well as non-routine cognitive and non-cognitive (or \\
随着数字技术和自动化技术的发展,人们越来越担忧劳动者的未来。但最终结果未必是负面的,解决问题的关键在于教育。
机器人已在不断接手越来越多的常规工作和重复任务,使一些行业的工人承受着巨大压力。韩国拥有全球最高的工业机器人密度——每1万名工人就有631个机器人,所以,韩国的制造业就业率不断下降,青年失业率很高。2017年的一项研究表明,在美国,对机器人的使用日益增多,已伤及就业形势和薪酬支付。
毫无疑问,技术进步毁掉了一些就业机会,但它也创造了一些新的就业机会。机动车的发明曾在很大程度上彻底取消了制造马车或运营马车的工作岗位,但却在汽车工厂和道路建设等相关领域创造了数百万以上的就业岗位。
当今的挑战在于,生产和使用日益先进的技术需要新的、通常是更高级的技能,而这些技能并不能简单地在工作岗位上学到。因此,各国需要确保本国所有居民都能受到满足劳动力市场需求的高质量教育和培训。技术与教育之间的竞争结果将决定能否抓住重大创新带来的机遇,能否广泛分享进步带来的益处。
经济学人智库(EIU)的一份调查报告显示,在接受调查的高管中,有66%的人对年轻员工的技能水平感到不满,52%的人表示技能不足妨碍了公司业绩。同时,一项调查显示,21%的员工表示自己的教育程度超过了工作需要。
这表明,正规教育讲授的内容出现了偏差,因此,很有必要进行深层改革,促进数字知识和技术技能的发展,同时也促进非常规认知技能和非认知(或“软”)技能的发展。这些技能包含“英文以C字母开头的四个二十一世纪学习技能”——critical thinking(批判性思维)、creativity(创造力)、collaboration(协作)和communication(沟通),而这些技能正是人类一直高于人工智能机器的地方。
这一教育进程得从小学开始,因为只有在坚实的基础上,才能充分利用之后的教育与培训。未来经济中,这种培训永远不会停止。技术的飞速发展促使劳动者需要更好的机会进行有效的终身学习,这样才能不断提升自身技能或学会新技能。各级教育的课程设置应该更灵活,以满足日新月异的技术与市场需求。
这一做法的一个潜在障碍就是缺乏训练有素的教师。建设一支高素质的教师队伍不仅需要给予教师经济和非经济的激励,也需要对教师职业发展进行更多投资。
这包括确保教师拥有充分利用信息通信技术所需的工具,虽然信息通信技术有潜力通过正式与非正式渠道广泛促成终身学习,但当下还未得到普遍应用。信息通信技术还能通过在线学习平台提供远程教育,帮助解决合格教师与其他教育资源短缺的问题。例如,麻省理工学院的开放式课程网页(OpenCourseWare)使世界各地的学生都能接触到世界一流的教师。
这体现了国际合作具有更广泛的价值。技术不断进步给教育带来了挑战,这影响到每个人,因此,各国应该通力合作来应对这些挑战,例如,通过学生和教师的交换项目、信息通信技术基础设施的建设与升级项目。
人工智能革命会有巨大的破坏力,但它不会使人类淘汰。随着教育体系的改进,相信技术进步会让我们所有人
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