托福（阅读）历年真题试卷汇编10
阅读题
The Upper Paleolithic Revolution
P1: The old stone age is the earliest period of human development and the longest phase of mankind\’s history. It was not till around 30 thousand years ago (or 30 \\
1.Why does the author mention a block of decorated ochre and sets of shell beads?(C)
A. To help make the point that archaeologists regard artistic creations as the highest kind of human achievement
B. To illustrate how the discovery of certain objects makes the discovery of certain other objects more likely
C. To give some of the evidence that has changed archaeologists’ thinking about human intellectual development
D. To help explain why archaeologists have been slow to recognize the importance of certain evidence available to them
解析：【修辞目的题】第一段提到人类智力发展的重大变化发生在4万年前的欧洲。然而，在布隆伯斯洞穴发现的一块装饰赭石和成套的壳珠引起了新的讨论。所以作者提到这些是为了说明这些例子改变了考古学家关于人类智力发展的观点。
2.How far back in time do the origins of the more versatile stone implements and bone tools found in Africa go(B)
A. To around 40 kya
B. To around 77 kya
C. To the time of the Upper Paleolithic Revolution
D. To a time before modern \\
解析：【事实信息题】文中提到最近在南非的布隆伯斯洞穴发现了7万7千年前的一块装饰赭石和成套的壳珠。而这也表明在非洲发现的其他更为通用的石器和骨制工具也是来自同一时期。所以这些更为通用的石器和骨制工具出自7万7千年前。
3.The word \\(C)
A. comprehensible
B. concrete
C. comparable
D. widely debated
解析：【词汇题】equivalent意为“相等的”。
4.According to paragraph 2, what do archaeologists want to know about the climate?(D)
A. Whether it was a reason that humans lived in caves
B. Whether it was stable throughout that period
C. Whether it changed in similar ways in Africa and Europe
D. Whether it was a factor in how the human cognitive process developed
解析：【事实信息题】文中提到两个问题，首先，4万年前左右人类的认知过程中发生了什么?其次，气候变化是一个影响因素吗?所以考古学家想知道气候是否影响人类认知过程的发展。
5.According to paragraph 2, anthropologists McBrearty and Brooks argue that archaeologists’ traditional understanding of the Upper Paleolithic Revolution was flawed because(A)
A. they underestimated available African archaeological evidence.
B. the archaeological evidence available to them contained errors.
C. they could not distinguish artistic creations from objects meant for practical use.
D. they based their judgments on the limited archaeological record available at that time.
解析：【事实信息题】第5句提到Sally McBrearty和Alison Brooks认为，旧石器时代晚期的革命的全部问题源于一种深刻的欧洲中心主义的偏见，也是因为没有认识到非洲考古记录的深度和广度。所以他们认为考古学家低估了非洲的考古记录。
6.Anthropologists McBrearty and Brooks consider such components of the Upper Paleolithic Revolution as blade and microlithic technology to have(A)
A. first emerged in the Middle Paleolithic Period, in Africa rather than in Europe
B. emerged in Europe independently in many different places at different times
C. first emerged in Europe, then to have been further developed in Africa
D. been part of a similarly sudden, but earlier, cultural revolution in Africa
解析：【事实信息题】第6句提到刀片和细石器技术的使用证实了这个革命是先于欧洲几千年就已经在旧石器时代中期的非洲出现了。
7.The word \\(D)
A. maintenance
B. discovery
C. transference
D. use
解析：【词汇题】exploitation意为“开发利用”。
8.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or l
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