大学英语四级词汇理解专项强化真题试卷15
词汇理解
One principle of taxation, called the benefits principle, states that people should pay taxes based on the benefits they receive from government services. This principle tries to make public goods similar to【C1】______goods. It seems reasonable that a person who often goes to the movies pays more in【C2】______for movie tickets than a person who rarely goes. And【C3】______, a person who gets great benefit from a public good should pay more for it than a person who gets little benefit.
The gasoline tax, for instance, is sometimes【C4】______using the benefits principle. In some states,【C5】______from the gasoline tax are used to build and maintain roads. Because those who buy gasoline are the same people who use the roads, the gasoline tax might be viewed as a【C6】______way to pay for this government service.
The benefits principle can also be used to argue that wealthy citizens should pay higher taxes than poorer ones,【C7】______because the wealthy benefit more from public services. Consider, for example, the benefits of police protection from【C8】______. Citizens with much to protect get greater benefit from police than those with less to protect. Therefore, according to the benefits principle, the wealthy should【C9】______more than the poor to the cost of【C10】______the police force. The same argument can be used for many other public services, such as fire protection, national defense, and the court system.
A)adapt I)provided
B)contribute J)revenues
C)exerting K)similarly
D)expenses L)simply
E)fair M)theft
F)justified N)total
G)maintaining O)wealth
H)private
1.【C1】
H
解析:空格后面goods为名词,因此空格处应填入形容词,用以修饰goods“物品”。文章首句介绍了受益原则的具体内容,即纳税人根据受益大小交纳税收。空格下一句以个人购买电影票的花费为例,详细阐述了受益原则的内容。结合上文的public goods,可以确定形容词private为本题答案,意思是“私人的,个人的”。备选形容词中,fair意思是“公平的”,与文意不符,可以排除。
2.【C2】
N
解析:本句意在通过私人物品来阐述受益原则的内容:一个经常去看电影的人购票费用总额多于不经常看电影的人。in total是固定搭配,意思是“总数”。
3.【C3】
K
解析:空格所在句为一个完整句子,并不缺少句子成分,由此可知,空格处可填入副词修饰整句话。上文通过个人消费实例阐述了受益原则的内容,本句意在进一步阐述,两者构成并列关系,故similarly为答案。备选项中只有两个副词:similarly和simply。simply意思是“仅仅,只是”,无法与前文构成并列关系,可以排除。
4.【C4】
F
解析:根据空格前后的is和using可以判断,空格处应填入副词修饰动词,或填入动词过去分词构成被动语态。similarly和simply两个副词均与文意不符,故考虑使用justified或provided构成被动语态。provided后面不能使用现在分词形式,故可排除。因此,Justified为答案,意思是“证明……合理”,承接第一段内容,本句意为“燃油税的征收遵循受益原则就是合理的”。justify doing是常用结构,意为“证明……合理”。
5.【C5】
J
解析:分析句子结构可知,are used to为被动结构,空格处应填入名词作主语,且应为复数形式。备选名词中只有两个复数名词:expenses和revenues。expenses意思是“费用”,revenues意思是“税收”,结合上文提到的税收问题,可知revenues为本题答案。备选名词revenues与文中tax是同一概念。
6.【C6】
E
解析:结合空格前的冠词a和空格后的way可知,空格处应填入形容词作定语。根据受益原则,受益越多的纳税人交纳的税额也应该更多,这自然是非常合理的做法,故fair“公平的”为本题答案。备选形容词中private已使用,可以直接排除。
7.【C7】
L
解析:本段意在通过富人纳税更多的实例来阐释受益原则。simply意为“仅仅,只是”,符合文意,为本题答案。
8.【C8】
M
解析:此处通过富人在警察保护个人财产方面受益的例子,进一步阐述受益原则。根据文意可知,警察保护私人财产安全的服务就应该遵循受益原则。结合句中的pohce protection,可知theft符合文意,即“警察保护财产不被盗窃”。
9.【C9】
B
解析:空格处位于情态动词should之后,故应填入动词原形,备选项中只有两个,即adapt和contribute,两词均可与to搭配。adapt to意思是“适应”,不符合文意“富人应交纳更多的税额”,故contribute为本题答案。contribute to是常用搭配,意为“捐献”。
10.【C10】
G
解析:空格前为介词of,故空格处应填入现在分词形式,且与police force构成动宾关系。备选项中只有两个现在分词,exerting意为“运用,行使”,其宾语常为工具或权力,不符合文意,故maintainin
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