大学英语四级改革适用（段落翻译）模拟试卷439
翻译-汉译英
1.中国的传统节庆膳食在数量和质量上都与平时有所不同。一些历史悠久、具有象征意义的食物也是节日必不可缺的。例如，端午节(Dragon Boat Festival)那一天，人们通常要吃粽子。中秋节是赏月的日子。中秋节的特制食品是月饼。春节是中国的农历(lunar)新年。除了常见的海鲜、家禽(poutry)和肉类之外，人们还要按各自的地方习俗烹制传统菜肴，如饺子和年糕。
Traditional Chinese holiday meals are different from everyday meals in terms of quantity and quality. Some foods with a long history and symbolic significance are indispensable on these occasions. For example, on the Dragon Boat Festival, people will usually eat zongzi, or rice dumplings. The Midautumn Festival is an occasion for viewing the full moon. The special food of the day is the yuebing, or moon cake. The Spring Festival is the Chinese lunar New Year’s holiday. In addition to the popular seafood, poultry and meat, people will prepare traditional food, such as jiaozi, or boiled dumplings, and niangao, or the year cake, according to their regional custom.
解析：1．第一句除了上面的译法，还可以译为The quantity and quality of traditional Chinese holiday meals are different from those of everyday meals．；“节庆膳食”可译为holiday meals。
2．第二句中，“食物”的定语“历史悠久、具有象征意义的”较长，所以将其译为介词短语，即with a long history and symbolic significance。
3．第三句中，“粽子”如果只用拼音zongzi来表达则不够明白，所以用or rice dumplings来补充说明；同理，第五句中的“月饼”以及第七句中的“饺子”和“年糕”都采用了同样的翻译法。
4．第七句中，“除了……之外”还可译为besides。
2.在中国，食物是用大的公用盘子(communal plate)来盛装的，而且基本上都会提供公用的筷子来将食物从公用的盘子里弄到你自己的盘子里。如果有公用的筷子就用公共的筷子来分开食物。如果没有，或是不确定有没有，你可以先等一等，看其他人是怎么做的，然后效仿就行。有时候热心的中国主人会帮你将食物分到你的碗里，这很正常。
In China, the food is served via large communal plates, and in nearly every case, you will be supplied with communal chopsticks for transferring food from the main plates to your own. You should use the communal chopsticks if they are supplied. If they are not or you are unsure, wait for someone to serve food to their own plates, and then copy what they do. On occasion, it is normal for an eager Chinese host to place food into your bowl.
解析：1．第一句中，“是用……来盛装的”是被动语态结构，可译为is served via…；“公用的筷子”可译为communal chopsticks；“从公用的盘子里弄到你自己的盘子里”可译为transferring food from the main plates to your own 。
2．第二句中，“如果有公用的筷子”可以译为there be句型，但用“筷子”作主语，采用被动语态结构更恰当，可译为if they are supplied。
3．第三句中，“效仿”指的是效仿他们所做的事情，要将宾语补充完整，可译为copy what they do。
4．第四句中，“这很正常”通常译为it．句型，可译为it is normal for SM12S38Q.to do sth.；“将食物分到你的碗里”可译为place food into your bowl。
3.造成这一结果的原因有很多，其中包括不断增长的机动车数量和工业品产量。
Growing motor vehicles and industrial output are among a variety of factors contributing to this consequence.
解析：
4.他带领的军队占领了许多地方，并给这些地域造成了巨大破坏。
His army had captured many places, to which serious damage was also brought.
解析：
5. 据新华社(Xinhua News Agency)报道，中国人每年浪费的食物约等同于5000万吨粮食。让人更为震惊的是，大学生浪费的食物数量是全国平均量的两倍。为了减少粮食浪费，许多高校食堂纷纷采取各种措施。通过提高饭菜的质量、提供小份菜等举措鼓励学生参与“光盘行动”(eat-up campaign).这些措施极大地提高了学生们节约食物的意识。很多学生表示要为杜绝食物浪费尽一己之力。
According to Xinhua News Agency, the food wasted by Chinese people every year is equal to about 50 million tons of grain. What is more astonishing is that college students waste twice as much food as the national average. To reduce food waste, many college canteens have taken various measures. By adopting measures like improving the food quality and offering small portions, they encourage students to join in the eat-up campaign. These measures have greatly improved students’ awareness of food conservation. Many students said
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