大学英语四级改革适用（段落翻译）模拟试卷436
翻译-汉译英
1.中国人为什么要修长城？在秦始皇时代，每二十个人中，就有一个人参与修建过长城。中国人经历了无数次毁灭性的战争，他们深知，保护生灵的城墙总比掩埋尸体的壕沟（trench）好。修建长城有说不尽的艰辛，甚至不少人还因此付出了生命。但与惨烈的战争相比，人们更愿意选择前者。长城在中国历史上发挥的作用是巨大的。在冷兵器时代，长城在军事防御上起到了不容置疑的作用，尤其在防御北方民族所谓的“马背上的进攻”方面，效果是明显的。
Why did the Chinese build the Great Wall? During the reign of the First Emperor of Qin, one out of every 20 people took part in the project. Suffering from the devastating damage of wars, people realized that building a wall to protect lives was better than burying the dead in trenches. Building walls was extremely hard labor, sometimes even at the cost of life itself. Compared with bloody wars, however, people would rather choose the former. The Great Wall played a significant role in history. It certainly served the purpose of military defense in the age of cold steel, especially in preventing attacks from northern peoples on horseback.
解析：
2. 上海自贸区(Shanghai Free Trade Zone)是根据中国法律在上海设立的区域性经济特区。该区于2013年8月22日经国务院(State Council)批准，于9月29日正式成立。它是中国主动选择的一个新的开放试点，意图以开放促进改革。自贸区的设立是中国面对全球经贸发展新趋势主动实施的一项重大措施。它有利于提高中国在全球的竞争优势，构建与各国合作发展的新平台，拓展经济增长的新空间。
Shanghai Free Trade Zone(FTZ)is a regional special economic zone launched in Shanghai according to Chinese laws. It was approved by State Council on August 22, 2013 and established in September 29. The FTZ is a new experimental unit of opening up selected voluntarily by China, which intends to boost reform via opening up. The establishment of the FTZ is a significant measure conducted voluntarily by China when facing the new trend in world economy and trade. It will improve China’s advantage in the global competition, construct a new platform of cooperation with other countries and expand new space in economic development.
解析：1．第1句的主干结构为“上海自贸区是经济特区”，修饰成分“在上海设立的”可使用过去分词短语launched in Shanghai作后置定语；“根据中国法律”可使用介词短语according to．．．。
2．第2句中的“批准”和“成立”可译为两个并列动词，用and连接。
3．第3句有两个分句，可将前半句作为主句，“意图……”可处理成which引导的非限制性定语从句，或处理成现在分词短语intending to…作伴随状语。
4．第4句的主干为“自贸区的设立是重大措施”，“主动实施的”可使用过去分词conducted voluntarily作后置定语；“面对……”可使用现在分词facing．．．置于句末。
5．最后一句有三个并列动词，说明设立自贸区的好处，英语也对应译出三个并列谓语即可。
3.春节快到了。人们都在忙着准备过节。
The Spring Festival is approaching，for which everyone is busying preparing．
解析：原文中的逻辑关系较为明显，可考虑用which引导的非限制性定语从句将两句合译成一句。介词for与prepare搭配，按照英语表达习惯，置于引导词之前。
4.让人更为震惊的是，大学生浪费的食物数量是全国平均量的两倍。
What is more astonishing is that college students waste twice as much food as the national average.
解析：
5.甲骨文为研究汉字起源提供了重要的资料。
The oracle bone script provides important materials for research into the origin of Chinese characters.
解析：
6. 长期以来，京剧界面临的一个重要问题就是如何让更多人尤其是年轻人认识京剧、了解京剧，喜爱京剧。高速发展的现代社会为人们带来了更多娱乐选择，在电影、电视、网络等冲击下，年轻一代大多数没有意愿也少有机会真正感受京剧的魅力。现有的京剧专家很多已步入中老年，不擅长用年轻人喜欢的语言和方式与他们沟通；而年轻一代中又极少有人既懂得京剧又愿意花费时间和精力去介绍京剧。
For a long time, a serious problem Peking Opera has been facing is how to get more people, especially the young generations, to know about, to understand, and to be keen on Peking Opera. The modern society, which is developing fast, has brought people more options for recreation. Under the impacts of movies, TV shows, Internet, etc., most of the young generations show no interest or scarcely have any opportunity to truly feel the charm of Peking Opera. Many of the Peking Open masters have entered middle or old age, and
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