成人本科学位英语模拟试卷112
阅读理解
A hundred years ago it was assumed and scientifically \\
1.People used to think that poverty and unemployment were due to______.(B)
A. the slow development of the economy
B. the poor and jobless people’ s own faults
C. the lack of responsibility on the part of society
D. the large number of people who were not well-educated
解析：人们之前认为，贫困和失业是自己犯下的过错。根据第一段第四句可知，100年前就有这样的观点：穷人把自己的处境归咎于无知和不负责任，但这样的观点已经过时。故选B。
2.Now it is widely accepted that______.(C)
A. the present system of social insurance should be improved
B. everybody should be granted a minimum of subsistence without any \\
C. everybody has the right to share in the wealth of the country
D. people have to change their attitude towards the poor
解析：现如今人们认为，每个人都有权分享自己国家的财富，根据第一段第四句可知，人们普遍认为，自然法则和社会法则都不应该把任何人排斥在国家财富之外。故选C。
3.The writer argues that a system of social insurance should______.(D)
A. provide benefits for the sick, old and unemployed
B. encourage people to take on more social obligations
C. guarantee everyone the right to be employed
D. provide everyone with the right to a minimum subsistence for a certain period
解析：作者认为，社会保险制度应该在一定时间内为人们提供最低的生活保障。从第一段末可以看出，西方国家都采用保险制度，即使不具备这样的条件，每个人都有权获取赖以生存的财富的权力。不过，作者建议最低社会保障制度应该限于某一时间。故选D。
4.The word \\(D)
A. doubt
B. fact
C. strong argument
D. wrong belief
解析：根据上下文可知，文中的fallacy表示“谬误，谬论”，与D项相符。故选D。
5.According to the writer, a system of guaranteed subsistence minimum .(D)
A. demands too much from society
B. makes freedom of contract impossible
C. helps people take interest in their work
D. helps bring about changes in the relationship among people
解析：根据作者的观点可知，最低社会保障制度可以改善人际关系，最后一句话说，这样的一种制度不仅是雇主和雇员之间契约的开始，而且最大的好处是在日常生活中的每个领域改善人际关系。
When the United States Congress created Yellowstone National Park in 1872, the goal was to set aside a place where Americans could enjoy the beauty of nature for years to come. Now, 142 years later, there are hundreds of national parks across the country, and technology is changing the way people experience them. Should park visitors be able to use cell phones, or should their use be restricted?
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6.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?(B)
A. Which U. S. National Park Has the Most Visitors?
B. Should National Parks Allow the Use of Cell Phones?
C. What Did Yellowstone Do to Enrich Park Visitors’ Experience?
D. Can Technology Transform the Way People Experience Nature?
解析：文章首先介绍了美国国家公园的简单情况，然后引入了移动电话的问题，接下来主要讲述了来自不同方面对这个话题的看法，故选B。
7.National parks were established______.(C)
A. to show respect to former presidents
B. to raise public awareness about climate change
C. to preserve areas of natural beauty
D. to create job opportunities
解析：定位到文章第一段首句“…the goal was to set aside a place where Americans could enjoy the beauty of nature for years to come．”这里明确指出，国家公园的建立是为了留出一个区域让美国人能享受自然风光，故选C。
8.According to the passage, which of the following statements about the cell phone service at Yellowstone is TRUE?(A)
A. It is limited to certain areas in the park.
B. It is available everywhere in the park.
C. It is not available in the park.
D. It is available to visitors at a fee.
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