2021年下半年笔译二级实务真题试卷
必做题
1. According to a new international labour organization, unemployment is projected to increase by around 2.5 million in 2020. As the global labour force increases, not enough new jobs are being generated to absorb new entrants to the labour market. Almost half a billion people are working fewer paid hours than they would like or lack adequate access to paid work.
For millions of ordinary people, it’s increasingly difficult to build better lives through work. Persisting and substantial work-related inequalities and exclusion are preventing them from finding decent work and better futures. That’s an extremely serious finding that has profound and worrying implications for social cohesion.
The mismatch between labour supply and demand extends beyond unemployment into broader labour under utilization. In addition to the global number of unemployed (180 million), 165 million people don’t have enough paid work and 120 million have either given up actively searching for work or otherwise lack access to the labour market. In total, more than 470 million people worldwide are affected.
At the global level, income inequality is higher than previously thought, especially in developing countries. Worldwide, the share of national income going to labour (rather than to other factors of production) declined substantially between 2004 and 2017, from 54 percent to 51 percent, with this economically significant fall being most pronounced in Europe, Central Asia and the Americas.
Moderate or extreme working poverty is expected to edge up in 2020-21 in developing countries, increasing the obstacles to achieving Sustainable Development Goal I on eradicating poverty everywhere by 2030. Currently working poverty (defined as earning less than US$3.20 per day in purchasing power parity terms) affects more than 630 million workers, or one in five of the global working population.
Other significant inequalities—defined by gender, age, and geographic location—remain stubborn features of current labour markets, limiting both individual opportunities and general economic growth. In particular, a staggering 267 million young people (aged 15-24) are not in employment, education, or training situation, and many more endure substandard working conditions.
The report cautions that intensifying trade restrictions and protectionism could have a significant impact on employment, both directly and indirectly.
Looking at economic growth, the current pace and form of growth is hampering efforts to reduce poverty and improve working conditions in low-income countries. It is recommended that the type of growth needs to shift to encourage higher-value added activities, through structural transformation, technological upgrading and diversification.
Labour underutilization and poor-quality jobs mean our economies and societies are missing out on the potential benefits of a huge pool of human talent. We will only find a sustainable inclusive path of development if we tackle these kinds of labour market inequalities and gaps in access to decent work.
新成立的国际劳工组织表示，2020年的失业人数预计增加250万左右。全球劳动力数量上升之际，不断创造的新岗位却不足以吸收劳动力市场的新进人员。大约有5亿劳动者遭遇付薪工时低于意向时长或缺少充分获取有偿工作的机会。对数百万普通人来说，通过工作创造美好生活变得越来越难；工作方面的不平等和排挤问题仍然存在，而且根深蒂固，阻碍他们寻找体面的工作和更加美好的未来。这一调查结果极其严重，对社会凝聚力具有深刻复杂且令人担忧的影响。劳动力的供需不匹配不仅造成失业问题，还进一步延伸，引发更大范围的劳动力
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