成人本科学位英语历年真题试卷汇编9
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What you\’ re always heard? We\’ re eating way too much salt. The average American gets about 3.4 grams of sodium every day, far more than the upper limit of 2.3 grams recommended by the USDA. The Institute of Medicine estimates that reducing sodium intake (摄取量) nationwide could prevent 100,000 deaths every year.
The headlines now? It’s time to get tough. The New York City health department recently kicked off a national effort to cut the amount of salt in packaged and restaurant food by 25％ over five years. 80％ of the salt in the average person’s diet comes from those sources, not from the saltshaker(盐瓶).
But wait! The benefits of salt reduction are surprisingly murky. At least 13 studies have tried to find out what happens to people who choose to eat salty or not-so-salty food—and the results have pointed in every direction. Some studies suggest that cutting salt protects the heart; others suggest that intense salt reduction can actually increase heart problems. What’s needed, Dr. Michael Alderman says, is a randomized(随机的), controlled trial, in which people are put on different diets and followed for years. It’s the only way to get a reliable answer, but it’s never been done.
So what should you do? Go easy on processed foods and eat more produce. Those changes will improve your diet in a variety of ways and cut the amount of sodium you consume. If your blood pressure is high, work with your doctor to control it with drugs and lifestyle changes. If your blood pressure is healthy? At this point, there\’s no convincing reason for you to count every grain.
1.It is stated in Paragraph 1 that our sodium intake________.(C)
A. is within the healthy range
B. is a bit over the upper limit
C. is far beyond what is necessary
D. is well below the lower limit
解析：第一段第三句“The average…the USDA.”。细节判断题。根据文章第一段的第三句中“…for more than the upper limit.”可知C正确。
2.The main sources of salt in our diet are________.(D)
A. home-made food and packaged food
B. restaurant food and saltshakers
C. home-made food and saltshakers
D. restaurant food and packaged food
解析：第二段第三句“The New York…five years.”。细节判断题。文章第二段第三句中提到了“packaged and restaurant food”，故D正确。
3.What does the word \\(A)
A. Unclear.
B. Significant.
C. Obvious.
D. Exaggerated.
解析：第三段第三句“At least…”。词义猜测题。根据后面13个研究结果提到的“the results have pointed in every direction，”说明结果不一致。因而益处是不明朗、不清楚的，故选A。
4.What does Dr. Michael Alderman say about a randomized, controlled trial?(B)
A. It has been successfully conducted.
B. It should be carried out.
C. It is already under way.
D. It is too late to try it.
解析：第三段第五、六句“What’s needed…but it’s never been done.”。逻辑推断题。根据第三段第五、六句可知这个实验是“有必要”做的，但目前并没有做，因而B正确。
5.As stated in the last paragraph, people with normal blood pressure________.(D)
A. should consider a change of their lifestyle
B. have every reason to be careful about sodium
C. will not be affected by the amount of sodium taken
D. do not have to take sodium too seriously
解析：最后一段最后两句“If your blood pressure is healthy?…for you to count every grain.”。逻辑推理题。根据文章最后一段最后两句内容可知，血压正常的人没必要控制饮食，故选D。
The vitamins necessary for a healthy body are normally supplied by a good mixed
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