专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷296
完型填空
A. ample B. combinations C. directly D. disseminated E. generations
F. genuinely G. instead H. lists I. promulgated J. publicized
K. scant L. shaped M. sophisticated N. transplanted O. virtual
Imagine a world without writing. Obviously there would be no books: no novels, no encyclopedias, no cookbooks, no textbooks, no telephone books, no scriptures, no diaries, no travel guides. There would be no ball-points, no typewriters, no computers, no Internet, no magazines, no movie credits, no shopping lists, no newspapers, no tax returns. But such【C1】________of objects almost miss the point. The world we live in has been indelibly marked by the written word, 【C2】________by the technology of writing over thousands of years. Ancient kings proclaimed their authority and【C3】________their laws in writing.
Scribes administered great empires by writing, their knowledge of recording and retrieving information essential to governing complex societies. Religious traditions were passed on through【C4】________, and spread to others, in writing. Scientific and technological progress was achieved and【C5】________through writing. Accounts in trade and commerce could be kept because of writing. Nearly every step of civilization has been mediated through writing. A world without writing would bear【C6】________resemblance to the one we now live in. Writing is a【C7】________necessity to the societies anthropologists call civilizations.
A civilization is distinguished from other societies by the complexity of its social organization, by its construction of cities and large public buildings, and by the economic specialization of its members, many of whom are not【C8】________involved in food procurement or production. A civilization, with its taxation and tribute systems, its trade and its public works, requires a【C9】________system of record keeping. And so the early civilizations of Egypt, China, and (probably) India all developed a system of writing. Only the Peruvian civilization of the Incas and their predecessors did not use writing but【C10】________invented a system of keeping records on knotted color-coded strings known as quipu.
1.【C1】
H
解析：空格前面是such，后面是介词of，因此空格处应填入名词。由空格所在句之前的两个句子可知，如果没有文字，世界上将会没有许多东西。此处应填入lists“清单，名单”，指代上文所罗列的物品，故H为答案。
2.【C2】
L
解析：分析句子结构可知，逗号之前是完整的被动句，所以逗号之后的成分应是状语或定语。结合空格后的by the technology of writing over thousands of years可以判断，此处应填入动词的过去分词，作后置定语。备选动词中的shaped “形成，影响”符合句意，故L为答案。
3.【C3】
I
解析：分析句子结构可知，and连接了两个并列结构，and之前是动宾结构proclaimed their authority，而and之后的并列结构只有宾语their laws，因此空格处应填入动词的过去式。结合前半句句意“古代君王宣告其权力”可以判断，备选动词中的promulgated“颁布实施，公布”符合句意，这里指颁布法律，故I为答案。
4.【C4】
E
解析：空格前为介词through，后为and连接的并列谓语，由此可知空格处应填入名词，作介词through的宾语。空格前面的动词短语passed on的意思是“把……传给……”，此处要表达的应该是宗教传统以书面形式代代相传。结合备选名词可知，generations“一代(人)”符合句意，故E为答案。
5.【C5】
D
解析：分析句子结构可知，空格前的连词and连接的两个并列成分应该是相同的结构。and之前是被动结构was achieved，那么and之后的结构也应该是被动结构，因此空格处应填入动词的过去分词形式。结合句意“科技的进步通过文字获得并________”可以判断，备选动词中的disseminated“广泛传播，散布”符合句意。disseminate指传播信息、知识等，故D为答案。
6.【C6】
K
解析：分析句子结构可知，空格前是谓语动词bear，空格后是名词resemblance，因此空格处应填入形容词作定语，修饰其后的名词。结合句意“没有文字的世界和我们目前所生活的世界________相似之处”可知，空格处应填入具有否定含义的形容词。备选形容词中，scant “缺乏的，不足的”符合句意，这里指没有多少相似之处，故K为答案。句
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