专业英语八级（改错）模拟试卷424
语言知识
Language pervades social life. It is the principal vehicle for the
transmission of cultural knowledge, and the primary means by which we
gain the access to the contents of others\’ minds. Language is implicated in【M1】________
most of the phenomena that lies at the core of social psychology: attitude【M2】________
change, social perception, personal identity, social interaction, intergroup
bias and stereotyping, attribution, and so on. However, for social 【M3】________
psychologists, language typically is the medium by which subjects\’
responses are elicited, and to which they respond-, in social psychological【M4】________
research, more often than not, language plays a role in both stimulus and response.
Just as language use pervade social life, the elements of social life【M5】________
constitute an intrinsic part of the way language is used. Linguists regard
language as abstract structure that exists independently of specific instances【M6】________
of usage (much as the calculus is a logico-mathematical structure that is
independent of its application for concrete problems), but any communicative【M7】_________
exchange is situated in a social context that constrains the linguistic forms
participants usage. How these participants define the social situation, their【M8】_________
perceptions of what others know, think and believe, and the claims they made【M9】_________
about their own and others\’ identities will effect the form and content of their【M10】________
acts of speaking.
1.【M1】
第一个the去掉
解析：gain access to为固定短语，意为“获得，接近”，故应删去第一个the。
2.【M2】
lies → lie
解析：本句包含that引导的定语从句，其先行词phenomena为复数形式，故从句的谓语动词也应使用复数形式。
3.【M3】
However → Moreover
解析：本句意为“语言是社会心理学家激发研究对象做出反应的媒介”，与上句“语言是社会心理学中诸多现象的载体”之间并非转折关系，而是递进关系，故应将However改为Moreover。
4.【M4】
to → in
解析：介词to可与respond构成固定搭配，表示“对……做出反应，回应”；但本句的先行词为medium，其定语从句的引导词有三种形式：that，in which或省略引导词，此处属于第二种情况，故应将to改为in。
5.【M5】
pervade → pervades
解析：句子的主语为language use，为单数名词，谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。
6.【M6】
as ∧ → an
解析：abstract structure在文中第一次出现，且为单数形式，应加不定冠词表泛指，注意abstract为元音音素开头，故应用不定冠词an。
7.【M7】
for → to
解析：动词apply与介词to搭配，表示“将……应用于……”，其名词形式application同样与to搭配。
8.【M8】
usage → use
解析：usage是名词，意为“用法”；use可用作动词或名词，意为“使用”。此处“participants…”为省略that的定语从句，修饰linguistic forms，participants后需接谓语动词，故应将usage改为use。
9.【M9】
made → make
解析：整篇文章用的都是一般现在时，根据时态一致原则，这里也要用一般现在时。
10.【M10】
effect → affect
解析：effect作动词时意为“引起，使发生”，作名词时意为“效果”；affect作动词时意 为“影响”。此处是说“他们对自己和他人身份的主张会影响他们说话行为的方式和内容”，故应将 effect改为affect。
The culture of the United States is a Western culture originally
influenced by European cultures. It has been developed since long before the【M1】________
United States became a country with its own unique social and cultural
characteristics such as dialect, music, arts, social habits, cuisine and
folklore. Today, the United States of America is an ethnically and racially
diverse country in a result of large-scale immigration from many different【M2】________
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