专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷305
选择题
(1) American students have many customs. For example, schoolchildren occasionally present an apple to the teacher. Obviously the custom contains an element of bribery—you offer sweet fruit to authority figures to \\
1.The word \\(B)
A. positive
B. negative
C. favorable
D. acceptable
解析：语义猜测题。由题干定位到第一段Obviously the custom contains an element of bribery，由此得知，这个惯例有点行贿的意味。因此，苹果的corrosive reputation显然是“不好的名声”，故B为答案。其他选项分别为“积极的”“赞成的”和“可接受的”，均与语境不符，故排除。
2.Which of the following is CORRECT according to the information in the passage?(A)
A. Nowadays, American pupils may offer an apple to the teacher to get a better grade.
B. In the early days of public education, school teachers were paid in money.
C. The caps and gowns are only adopted by college graduates during graduation ceremonies.
D. Before the Renaissance, the standard clerical dress was black.
解析：细节理解题。由题干定位到第一段、第二段和第四段。第一段提到the apple is offered to make their grades more favorable，与A相符，故A为答案。第二段提到“In the early days of public education, schoolteachers were not always salaried.”，与B相反，故排除B。第四段提到The caps and gowns worn by high school and college graduates today，由此得知，中学生和大学毕业生都穿“学士服”，故排除C。第四段提到“The original preference for black was changed in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, as such colors as red, violet and purple came into fashion…by the renaissance black was back, as the color black symbolized simple and plain…，由此可知，十三、十四世纪时，黑色被红色等颜色取代，到文艺复兴时期才又被青睐，这与选项D中的信息不符，故排除D。
3.It can be inferred from the passage that________.(C)
A. in medieval Europe, college teachers and students wore caps and gowns
B. purple was the most popular color in the 13th century
C. churchmen were well-educated in medieval Europe
D. the square cap is the symbol of the mastership
解析：推理判断题。由题干定位到第四段和第五段。第四段提到“The caps and gowns worn by high school and college graduates today are survivors of the everyday dress worn by members of the academic community in medieval Europe.”，由此得知，学士帽和学士服是中世纪欧洲学术人员的日常穿着，这是直接传递的信息，不属于推断，故排除A。第四段中提到“The original preference for black was changed in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, as such colors as red, violet and purple came into fashion…”，由此得知，当时非常流行紫色，但并未提及它最流行，故排除B。第四段提到“The majority of scholars in the middle ages were churchmen, or soon to become so…”，由此得知，中世纪欧洲学者主要是神职人员，因此可推断，神职人员受教育程度良好，故C为答案。第五段提到“Such a tufted square cap is considered the badge of the mastership”，由此可见，D中的square cap与原文中的tufted square cap不相符，故排除。
(1) What is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, chemistry, geology, engineering, medical or any other science? We all know that science plays an important role in the societies in which we live. Many people believe, however, that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The first of these is the application of the machines and products that scientists and technologists develop. New drugs, faster and safer means of transport, new systems of applied knowledge are some examples of this aspect of science.
(2) The second aspect is the application of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work. What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is full of curiosity and h
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