专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷310
选择题
(1) For some time, psychologists have been studying how personality traits affect health and health-related choices. Not surprisingly, they have found that people blessed with innate conscientiousness, meaning that they are organized and predictable, typically eat better and live longer than people who are disorderly. They also tend to have immaculate offices.
(2) What has been less clear is whether neat environments can produce good habits even in those who aren\’t necessarily innately conscientious. To find out, researchers at the University of Minnesota conducted a series of experiments. In the first experiment, they randomly assigned a group of college-age students to spend time in two office spaces, one of which was very neat, the other wildly cluttered with papers and other work-related stuff. The students spent their time filling out questionnaires unrelated to the study. After 10 minutes, they were told they could leave with an apple or a chocolate bar. Those students who sat in the orderly office were twice as likely to choose the apple as those who sat among the mess.
(3) A second experiment, however, found that working in chaos has its advantages, too. In this one, college students were placed in a messy or a neat office and asked to dream up new uses for Ping-Pong balls. Those in messy spaces generated ideas that were significantly more creative, according to two independent judges, than those in offices where stacks of papers and other objects were neatly arranged.
(4) The results were something of a surprise, says Dr. Vohs, the leader of the study. Few previous studies found much virtue in disorder. The broken window theory, proposed decades ago, holds that even slight disorder and neglect can encourage indifference and poor discipline.
(5) But in the study by Dr. Vohs, disordered offices encouraged originality and a search for novelty. In the final portion of the study, adults were given the choice of adding a health \\
1.The word \\(B)
A. messy
B. tidy
C. terrible
D. comfortable
解析：语义猜测题。由题干定位至文中首段，该段中“…typically eat better and live longer than people who are disorderly. They also tend to have immaculate offices”指出那些天生勤勉的人，也就是更具条理性和可预测性的人，通常比那些凌乱无序的人饮食更健康，寿命更长，可推测出下文中的they指的就是“更具条理性的人”，和“凌乱无序的人”比较，他们的办公室也往往井然有序，因此，immaculate的词义为tidy，故答案为B，排除其他选项。
2.Which of the following can best explain the broken window theory?(A)
A. Chaos begets chaos.
B. Misfortune may be an actual blessing.
C. Bad news has wings.
D. When a door shuts, a window opens.
解析：细节理解题。由题干中的关键词the broken window theory可定位至文中第四段，该段末句指出holds that even slight disorder and neglect can encourage indifference and poor discipline，由此可知，即使是微小的杂乱和疏忽也会助长冷漠与无序。由此可知，“混乱产生混乱”最能解释“破窗理论”，故选项A为正确答案，排除其他选项。
3.Which of the following will Dr. Vohs probably agree on?(C)
A. More virtue exists in organized people.
B. Creativity results from tidiness and discipline.
C. Disorderly surroundings help create new ideas.
D. Workers’ good habits guarantee the success of a project.
解析：推理判断题。由题干中的关键词Dr. Vohs可定位至文中第五段，该段指出“Disorderly environments seem to inspire breaking free of tradition…which can produce fresh insights”，由此可知，无序环境似乎激发大家去打破传统……由此便产生了新的见解。由此可推断出，沃斯博士可能会同意杂乱的环境有助于创造新想法（Disorderly surroundings help to create new i
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