专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷434
选择题
Passage One
(1)Imagine yourself lying in bed, your mind in turmoil. You toss and turn, but sleep won\’t come. Maybe a bedtime snack would help. What should you choose? If you think first of toaster waffles or popcorn, some experts would say you\’re on the right track. Foods high in complex carbohydrates—such as cereals, potatoes, pasta, crackers, or rice cakes—make many people relaxed and drowsy.
(2)Missed that one? Try again. Suppose the weather\’s rotten, you forgot your homework, and your best friend\’s mad at you. What\’s good medicine when you\’re feeling low? A sugary cola or candy may give you a quick lift, but you\’ll crash just as quickly. Better choices may be Brazil nuts (for selenium), skim milk (for calcium), or a spinach salad (for folic acid). In research studies, all three of those nutrients have been shown to lift spirits and battle the blues.
(3)Try one more. You have a math test coming up in the afternoon. You want to be sharp, but you usually feel sleepy after lunch. Is your best choice an energy fix of fries and a shake or a broiled chicken breast and low-fat yogurt? If you pick the high-fat fries and shake, you may feel sluggish and blow that test. The protein-rich chicken and yogurt are better choices. Protein foods energize, some experts say.
(4)How does food affect mood and mind? The answer may lie in the chemistry of the brain and nervous system. Molecules called neurotransmitters are chemical messengers. They carry a nerve impulse across the gap between nerve cells. The release of neurotransmitter molecules from one neuron and their attachment to recep-tor sites on another keep a nerve impulse moving.
(5)Nerve impulses carry messages from the environment to the brain, for example, the pain you feel when you stub your toe. They also carry messages in the other direction, from the brain to the muscles. That\’s why you back away from the obstacle that initiated the pain signal and exclaim, \\
1.According to the passage, ______ might be the best food choice when one feels nervous and wants to fall asleep.(B)
A. candy
B. spaghetti
C. Brazil nuts
D. yogurt
解析：第1段末句的relaxed and drowsy表明破折号引出的食物能使人感到放松和困倦，其中的食物pasta表示“意大利面食”，而B的spaghetti意为“意大利细面条”，由此可知spaghetti属于pasta的一种，因此选B。A中的candy出现在第2段第5句，它是想要情绪高涨时的一种不大好的选择；C的Brazil nuts是该段第6句说的想要情绪高涨时的较好选择；D的yogurt是第3段提到的想要精神饱满的较好选择，这三项都不符合题意。
2.Which of the following is NOT true about neurotransmitters, according to the passage?(C)
A. Many of them are built from what we eat.
B. The amount of particular nutrients affects their production.
C. Hundreds of them are already known.
D. Their effects depend on their amount & position in brain.
解析：第7段首句表明，为人所知的神经递质有几十种，而hundreds是实际可能存在的数目，C与该句的表述不符，故选C。A与第6段首句相符；B与第6段第2句相符；D与第7段第2句相符。
3.According to the passage, choline ______.(D)
A. is a kind of the B vitamins
B. can be found in every type of food
C. has definite positive effects on learning
D. may help memorizing more easily
解析：倒数第2段最后三句表明，麻省理工学院记忆实验证明学生的记忆力在食用了增加choline的食物后有所提高，即choline可能对提高记忆力有帮助，因此选D。A与倒数第2段第2句不符；B中的every过于绝对，且与倒数第2段第3句不符；C中的definite过于绝对，应排除。
Passage Two
(1)One of the unresolved—and rather bitter—disputes in evolutionary biology
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