大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷841
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The AlphaGo program\’s victory is an example of how smart computers have become.
But can artificial intelligence (AI) machines act ethically, meaning can they be honest and fair?
One example of AI is driverless cars. They are already on California roads, so it is not too soon to ask whether we can program a machine to act ethically. As driverless cars improve, they will save lives. They will make fewer mistakes than human drivers do. Sometimes, however, they will face a choice between lives. Should the cars be programmed to avoid hitting a child running across the road, even if that will put their passengers at risk? What about making a sudden turn to avoid a dog? What if the only risk is damage to the car itself, not to the passengers?
Perhaps there will be lessons to learn from driverless cars, but they are not super-intelligent beings. Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge.
About the same time as AlphaGo\’s triumph, Microsoft\’s \’chatbot\’ took a bad turn. The software, named Taylor, was designed to answer messages from people aged 18-24. Taylor was supposed to be able to learn from the messages she received. She was designed to slowly improve her ability to handle conversations, but some people were teaching Taylor racist ideas. When she started saying nice things about Hitler, Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages.
AlphaGo\’s victory and Taylor\’s defeat happened at about the same time. This should be a warning to us. It is one thing to use AI within a game with clear rules and clear goals. It is something very different to use AI in the real world. The unpredictability of the real world may bring to the surface a troubling software problem.
Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google, which owns AlphoGo. He thinks AI will be positive for humans. He said people will be the winner, whatever the outcome. Advances in AI will make human beings smarter, more able and \\
1.What does the author want to show with the example of AlphaGo’s victory?(D)
A. Computers will prevail over human beings.
B. Computers have unmatched potential.
C. Computers are man’s potential rivals.
D. Computers can become highly intelligent.
解析：细节题。根据题干关键词the example of Al phaGo’s victory定位至第一段，该段指出an example of how smart computers have become(智能计算机会发展到何种程度的一个例子)，D项“计算机能变得高度智能化”是对how smart computers have become的适度推断。故本题选D。
2.What does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically?(C)
A. They are capable of predicting possible risks.
B. They weigh the gains and losses before reaching a decision.
C. They make sensible decisions when facing moral dilemmas.
D. They sacrifice everything to save human lives.
解析：含义题。根据题干关键词AI machines acting ethically可定位至第二段，该段无法解题，继续查看下文。第三段通过无人驾驶汽车的操作具体说明第二段的观点，第三段第五句提到Sometimes．however，they will face a choice between lives(然而，有时它们会面临生命的抉择)，第六至八句列举一些情况并进行具体讨论，C项“当面临道德困境时它们会作出明智的决定”是对该段的适度推断。故本题选C。
3.What is said to be the bigger challenge facing humans in the AI age?(B)
A. How to make super-intelligent AI machines share human feelings.
B. How to ensure that super-intelligent AI machines act ethically.
C. How to prevent AI machines doing harm to humans.
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