大学英语四级改革适用（段落翻译）模拟试卷560
翻译-汉译英
1. 众所周知，中国人乐于发明并善于运用发明来简化生活。在中国古代的众多发明中，“四大发明”不仅为中国。而且为世界的经济和文化发展做出了巨大的贡献。古代四大发明分别是造纸术、印刷术、火药(gunpowder)和指南针。四大发明在中国文化里很受推崇，这是由于它们的历史重要性，它们是中国古代先进科学技术的象征，也是中国作为世界文明大国的重要象征。
It is well-known that the Chinese are interested in inventing things, and they are also good at employing these inventions to simplify their life. Among those numerous inventions in ancient China, the Four Great Inventions have made great contributions to the economic and cultural development of China as well as that of the world. The Four Great Inventions of ancient China are papermaking, printing, gunpowder and the compass. These inventions are highly respected in Chinese culture for their historical significance—they’re signs of ancient China’s advanced science and technology as well as important symbols of China’s role as a great world civilization.
解析：
2. 当前，全社会对人口问题(issue of population)的认识不断深化。人们对于人口问题已经达成了以下共识：控制人口增长有利于实现人口与经济、社会、资源、环境的协调发展和可持续发展；解决人口问题还应强调提高人口素质和健康水平，提高人类生活质量，实现人的全面发展；人口问题本质上是发展问题。只有通过经济、社会、文化的全面发展，才能最终得以解决。
Currently, the whole society is gaining a better understanding of the issue of population. It is agreed that the control of population growth is beneficial to a coordinated and sustained development of population, economy, society, resources and environment. To solve the population problem, emphasis should be laid on the improvement of the population quality, health level and quality of life so as to realize the all-round development of all humanity. The issue of population is essentially a problem of development and could only be solved through economic, social and cultural development.
解析：
3. 全球化是描述全球社会时使用的一个术语，即在这个社会中，世界上某一个区域在经济、政治、环境、文化方面发生的事件会很快对世界其他地区的人们产生影响。全球化是通信、运输、信息技术发展的结果。它体现了个体、社区、公司以及各国政府问日益增长的经济、政治、科技和文化方面的联系。全球化也涉及多国公司和跨国公司的成长。监管世界贸易和金融的国际机构在全球化时代发挥着日益重要的作用。
Globalization is a term used to describe the global society in which economic, political, environmental, and cultural events in one part of the world will quickly exert influence on people in other parts of the world. Globalization is the result of advances in communication, transportation and information technologies. It manifests the growing economic, political, technological, and cultural linkages between individuals, communities, businesses, and governments around the world. Globalization also involves the growth of multinational corporations and transnational corporations. The international institutions that oversee the world trade and finance play an increasingly important role in this era of globalization.
解析：
4. 老龄化对国家财政的影响众所周知——急剧上涨的医疗和养老金(pension)支出。然而，老龄化的影响远不止于此。在老龄化社会里，劳动力市场、储蓄方式以及人口流动都会发生变化。最令人担忧的是，劳动力短缺、劳动力市场不稳定和生产力下降等问题都会对发展造成严重威胁。中国的平均收入水平仍然停留在低收入阶段。这使得中国人口老龄化问题尤其复杂。
The impact of aging on national finances is well known, namely soaring healthcare and pension costs. However, the influences of aging are much more than this. In an aging society, labor markets, saving patterns and migration flows will change. Most worryingly, labor shortage, unstable labor market and declining productivity pose serious threats to the development. Aging of population in China is particularly complex because the average income of Chinese still stays at a low level.
解析：
5. 夫子庙位于南京城南，是南京最热闹的街市，已经有上千年的历史。夫子庙原来是供
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