笔译二级实务（综合）模拟试卷82
必做题
1. It turns out that a young Max and a middle-aged Max can get away with saying things that an old Max cannot. At least that is the conclusion of a new study by Princeton researchers aimed at measuring age discrimination, one of the toughest forms of workplace bias to prove.
The subjects of the experiment—137 Princeton undergraduates—were shown a video of a man who would be their partner in a trivia contest. His name was Max. He was white, neither handsome nor ugly, wore a checked shirt and said he was from Hamilton, N.J.
What the students did not know was that there were actually three different versions of Max, being played by different actors, 25, 45 and 75 years old. Each Max adhered to the same script with one exception. When describing himself, half of the time the Max character said he was the kind of person to share his wealth with relatives (the compliant Max); and the other half of the time, Max said he felt no obligation to share (the assertive Max). The students were then asked their opinion of Max. For those who saw the 25- or 45-year-old Max, it made no difference whether he was compliant or assertive. But students who saw the 75-year-old actor gave the assertive Max a high negative rating.
The results, soon to be published in the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, illustrate the subtle bias older men and women may face in the work force. \\
事实证明，有些老年人不能讲的话，年轻人和中年人但说无妨。这至少是普林斯顿大学研究人员研究得出的一个新结论，该研究旨在衡量最难以证明的一种职场偏见：年龄歧视。
实验对象是普林斯顿大学的137名本科生，研究人员给他们播放了一个男子的视频。该男子名叫马克斯，将是他们参加百科知识竞赛的搭档。马克斯是位白人，相貌平平，身着格子衬衫，自称来自新泽西州的汉密尔顿。
学生们不知道的是，实际上是由不同的演员扮演三个版本的马克斯，马克斯的年龄分别为25岁、45岁和75岁。每位马克斯都遵照同一剧本，只有一个例外：马克斯这个角色做自我介绍时，一半时间都在声称自己属于愿与亲属分享财富的那种人(宽厚型马克斯)，另一半时间则声称自己没有分享的义务(自负型马克斯)。然后，学生需要回答他们对马克斯的看法。当学生们看到25岁或45岁的马克斯时，无论马克斯表现出宽厚或是自负，学生们的评价都没有区别，但看到75岁的演员时，学生给自负型的马克斯极高的负面评价。
研究结果显示，老年劳动者在职场上可能会遭遇微妙的偏见，该结果即将在《人格与社会心理学公报》(Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin)上发表。“如果你想成为一位烈士暮年的灰豹党人，对经理直言不讳，没问题，”普林斯顿大学教授苏珊.菲斯克(Susan。Fiske)说，“但要准备好承担后果。”苏珊和刚刚博士毕业的迈克尔.诺斯(Michael North)共同承担了此项研究。
这种歧视的存在几乎是毋庸置疑的。美国劳工统计局(Bureau of Labor Statistics)的数据显示，遭到解雇的老年人要想找到新工作，通常要比年轻劳动者多花2至6个月的时间。而且，新工作的薪水有可能大幅降低。在近期的经济衰退中，许多老年失业者讲述了类似的情况。他们发出简历，参加面试，走进面试现场，可当未来雇主看到他们的白发，就再无下文了。
解析：1．本段主要涉及以个体借代整体的写作手法。Max：马克斯(人名)，借指此次研究的某类对象。遇到借代手法时，译文应以体现其引申义为目标。
2．本段原文既有破折号，又有被动语态，结构比较零散，翻译时需要根据中文表达习惯进行重新组合，同时将被动形式转换为主动形式。
3．翻译“The students were then asked their opinion of Max．”时要把被动转换为主动的表达。这是中英文表达习惯的差异，需要特别注意。
4．本段涉及专有名词书写规范的问题。对于人名、地名、机构名称和刊物等专有名词或术语，在译文中第一次出现时，应译为“译文(原文)”的形式，这也是CATTI考试考核的一项翻译规范。
5．本段第一句出现插入语soon to be published in the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin，作为主语the results的补充说明。在翻译时，因其不是句子的主干部分，应放在主句The results illustrate the subtle bias older men and women may face in the work force之后处理。其中older men and women不必译为“老年男性和女性”，因为根据上下文，文中提及的职场歧视是在老年人与青年人之间的，不是男性与女性之间的，译为“老年劳动者”即可。
6．gray panther，灰豹党，美国的一个老年人保护组织。
7．在many unemployed older people told a similar stow一句中，story的意思是“情况”，不能想当然地翻译为“故事”。
8．that was it，仅此而已、就是这样、就此结束。
2. U.S. markets suffered deeper losses Thursday, following on a global rout as investors lost their nerve over rising U.S. interest rates and fresh worries about an economic slowdown.
Concerns about U.S.-China ties weighed heavily, too. U.S. markets rebounded briefly after it was anno
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