笔译二级实务（综合）模拟试卷86
必做题
1. Back in 1959 she used her impressive intellect to solve a previously intractable problem, echoes on telephone lines. At the time, long-distance calls were often ruined by the sound of the caller’s own voice bouncing back at them every time they spoke.
She fixed the issue by recognising when an incoming signal was the same as the one going out, and electronically deleting it. The solution was so elegant, it’s still used today. Of course, she wasn’t human—she was a system of Multiple ADAptive LINear Elements, or Madaline for short. This was the first time artificial intelligence was used in the workplace.
Today it’s widely accepted that brainy computers are coming for our jobs. They’ll have finished your entire weekly workload before you’ve had your morning toast—and they don’t need coffee breaks, pension funds, or even sleep. Although many jobs will be automated in the future, in the short term at least, this new breed of super-machines is more likely to be working alongside us.
Despite incredible feats in a variety of professions, including the ability to stop fraud before it happens and spot cancer more reliably than doctors, even the most advanced AI machines around today don’t have anything approaching general intelligence. According to a 2017 McKinsey report, with current technology just 5％ of jobs could eventually be fully automated, but 60％ of occupations could see roughly a third of their tasks taken over by robots.
And it is important to remember that not all robots use artificial intelligence—some do, many don’t. The problem is, the very same deficiency preventing these smart robots using AI from taking over the world will also make them extremely frustrating colleagues. From a tendency towards racism to a total inability to set their own goals, solve problems, or apply common sense, this new generation of workers lack skills that even the most bone-headed humans would find easy.
早在1959年，她就凭借惊人才智解决了此前棘手的电话线路回音问题。当时，拨打长途电话的人每次通话都会受到回音的干扰。
她的解决方法是，识别输入信号何时与输出信号相同，用电子方式将其消除。这个解决方案非常简便，一直沿用至今。当然，“她”并非人类，而是一个系统，名为多重自适应线性单元(Multiple ADAptive LINear Elements)，简称Madaline。这是人工智能在工作领域的首次应用。
如今，人们普遍认为智能计算机将要接替我们的工作。在你吃早餐之前，它们就能完成你整整一周的工作量，而且不需要茶歇、退休金，甚至不需要睡觉。尽管许多工作在未来都会实现自动化，但至少在短期内，这种新型超级机器更有可能和我们一起工作。
尽管智能计算机在各行各业都取得了非凡成就，能够防范欺诈、比医生更可靠地发现癌症等，但即使是当今最先进的人工智能机器也达不到一般的人类智力水平。根据2017年度的麦肯锡报告，在现有技术条件下，只有5％的工作最终可以实现完全自动化，而在60％的职业中，大约只有三分之一的工作可被机器人替代。
不要忘记，并非所有机器人都使用人工智能：有些使用，许多并不使用。问题在于，这一缺陷一方面阻止了这些聪明的机器人利用AI技术接管世界，另一方面又恰恰使它们很难人类共事。从种族主义倾向到完全无法自行设定目标、解决问题或是运用常识，这些新一代工人甚至缺乏连最痴傻的人类都觉得简单的技能。
解析：1．本段第二句为被动语态，翻译时转为主动的形式，并将mined灵活地处理为“干扰”，以更加符合中文表达习惯。
2．本句中的elegant，我们通常在描述人高雅、优雅时使用，在与“解决办法”搭配时，其意思是“简便”。
3．Multiple ADAptive LINear Elements，多重自适应线性单元，可实现噪声对消；for short，简称、缩写。
4．it’s widely accepted that…是一个常用句型，通常放在句首，翻译为“人们普遍认为”，类似的表达还有it’s universally acknowledged／recognized／admitted that…。
5．general intelligence，心理学术语，指“一般智力”。
6．it is important to remember that…也是一个常用句型，基本含义是“要牢记、记住……至关重要”，在这里用否定的形式“不要忘了”强调其重要性。
2. Despite being some of the largest exchanges in the world, China’s stock markets are still relatively young and do not play as prominent a role in the Chinese economy as America’s do in the U.S. economy. According to one analyst, as of April 2015, equity markets only accounted for 11 percent of
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