专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷364
讲座
Maslow\’s Hierarchy of Needs
Abraham Maslow has developed a famous theory of human needs,
which can be arranged in order of【T1】______.【T1】______
Physiological needs: the most【T2】______ ones for survival. They【T2】______
include such needs as food, water, etc. And there is usually one way
to【T3】______these needs.【T3】______
【T4】______ needs: needs for a)physical security:【T4】______
b)【T5】______ security.【T5】______
The former means no【T6】______, while the latter is concerned with【T6】______
freedom from【T7】______, misfortunes, etc. These needs can be met【T7】______
through a variety of means, e.g. job security,【T8】______ plans, and【T8】______
safe working conditions.
Social needs: human requirements for a)【T9】______:【T9】______
b)a sense of belonging.
There are two ways to satisfy these needs: a)formation of relationships
at workplace:
b)formation of relationships
outside workplace.
Esteem needs: a)self-esteem i.e. one\’s sense of achievement
b)esteem of others, i.e. others\’ respect as a result
of one\’s【T10】______.【T10】______
These needs can be fulfilled by【T11】______, etc.【T11】______
Self-realization needs: needs to realize one\’s potential. Ways to
realize these needs are individually【T12】______.【T12】______
Features of the hierarchy of needs:
a)Social, esteem and self-realization needs are exclusively
【T13】______needs.【T13】______
b)Needs are satisfied in a fixed order from the bottom up.
c)【T14】______ for needs comes from the lowest un-met level.【T14】______
d)Different levels of needs may【T15】______ when they come【T15】______
into play.
1.【T1】
importance
解析：跟据马斯洛的理论，人类的需要是按照他们重要性的顺序来分类的，原文中此处的表达是according to their importance，所以空格处填入importance或者their importance。
2.【T2】
basic／／fundamental
解析：原文在谈到physiological needs时说到“在人的需要层次中，生理需要是最基本的层次。”因此这里应该填basic或者填它的同义词fundamental。本句介绍5种需要中的第一种，有最高级the most修饰，basic为此句的要点，应在笔记中记下。即使此词未能记下，也可根据上文(in order of importance)和句意将此空填出。
3.【T3】
satisfy
解析：在谈到生理需要时，录音提到，这些需要通常是如何被满足的呢，主要是通过足够的工资，原文中是被动句，用了satisfied，空格处为主动用法，所以答案为satisfy。
4.【T4】
Safety
解析：根据原文，第二个层次的需求是对安全的需要，原文中提到At the next level are safety needs。因此这里应该填入Safety。注意S要大写。
5.【T5】
emotional／／mental
解析：根据原文，对安全的需要包括“身体安全”和“情感安全”的需求，因此这里应该填入emotional。原文在谈到safety needs时提到2种安全需要，physical security和emotional security，后文紧接着对这2种安全需要予以解释。这些要点应当记录下来。考生也可依据physical security推导出与其对应的“精神安全”。
6.【T6】
illness or injury
解析：身体上的安全很容易理解，每个人都需要使身体免受伤害以及疾病等等，the former指的是physical security．所以答案为原文中from之后的injury，illness，etc．也可以为同义表达illness or injury。
7.【T7】
worries／／worry／／diseases／／uneasiness／／illness／／unhappiness／／pressure／／anxiety(ies)／／sadness／／misery(ies)／／predicament
解析：在解释情感需求的时候，原文提到：“我们有各种担心，要是我丢掉了工作该怎么办?要是我突然病了怎么办?”因此这里应该填入worries。录音原文提到了worries和disease，除此之外，考生可依靠常识和试题中的关键词(misfortunes)填入一个合适的同义、近义词。
8.【T8】
pension／／insurance／／retirement
解析：原文在谈到如何满足对安全的需求时提到，“马斯洛认为，安全需求可以通过安稳的工作、健康保险、养老计划和安全的工作条件等来得到满足”，因此这里应填入pension。
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