江西普高专升本英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷8
常规阅读
There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as the market system, the administrated system, and the traditional system.
In a market system, individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the marketplace. It is possible to buy commodities (商品) from each economic units or sell commodities to them. In a market, transactions (交易) may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, real goods such as automobiles, shoes, and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence, the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the modern market economy, goods and services are bought or sold for money.
An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue commands as to how much of each commodity and service should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan, drawn up by the government, shows the amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption. This is an example of complete planning of production, and exchange for the whole economy.
In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition; every person’s place within the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste may have an obligation (义务) to care for their health, and provide for their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone, progress may be difficult to achieve. A stagnant (停滞的) society may result.
1.What is the main purpose of the passage?(A)
A. To outline contrasting types of economic systems.
B. To explain the science of economics.
C. To argue for the superiority of one economic system.
D. To compare barter and money-exchange markets.
解析：通读全文可知，文章第一段讲述了个体经济单位相互作用的三种基本方式：市场体制、行政管理体制和传统体制，接下来比较了三种体制运行的原理。因此，本文的主要目的是“To outline contrasting types of economic systems (概述不同类型的经济体系)”。故选A。
2.In the second paragraph, the word \\(B)
A. high quality
B. concrete
C. utter
D. dependable
解析：根据第二段第四句“In a barter economy，real goods such as automobiles，shoes，and pizzas are traded against each other．”可知，real goods指的是“汽车、鞋子、比萨饼”这些具体的东西。high quality：高质量；concrete：具体的；utter：完全的，彻底的；dependable：可靠的。故选B。
3.According to the passage, a barter economy can lead to________.(D)
A. rapid speed of transactions
B. misunderstandings
C. inflation
D. difficulties for the traders
解析：根据第二段第四、五句“In a barter economy, real goods such as automobiles, shoes, and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task．”可知，在物物交换经济中，汽车、鞋子和比萨饼这样的真实商品相互交易，不过找到一个想用旧汽车换取帆船的人并不总是一件容易的事。由此可推知，物物交换经济可能会给交易者带来困难。故选D。
4.According to the passage, who has the greatest degree of control in an administrative system
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