2017年湖北省成人本科学位英语真题试卷
阅读理解
According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.
Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of \\
1.What does the passage mainly discuss?(D)
A. The problems faced by leaders.
B. How leadership differs in small and large groups.
C. How social groups determine who will lead them.
D. The role of leaders in social groups.
解析：主旨题。全文从两方面介绍了社会团体中领导角色的特点以及两种不同类型的团体领导。故选D。
2.The passage mentions all of the following ways by which people can become leaders EXCEPT______.(C)
A. recruitment
B. formal election process
C. specific leadership training
D. traditional cultural patterns
解析：细节题。第一段中提到了不同社会团体中领导人的特点。家庭中领导的确立会受到传统文化的影响；更大范围的团体中，领导地位的确立一般是通过正式选举或招募完成的。没有提及受训后成为领导的方式，故选C。
3.Which of the following statements about leadership can be inferred from Paragraph 2?(A)
A. A person who is an effective leader of a particular group may not be an effective leader in another group.
B. Few people succeed in sharing a leadership role with another person.
C. A person can best learn how to be an effective leader by studying research on leadership.
D. Most people desire to be leaders but can produce little evidence of their qualifications.
解析：推理题。由定位句可知，似乎并不是所有的领导者都有同样的个人素质。由此可推断出，某一个团队的优秀领导可能并不适合另外一个团队。故选A。
4.In mentioning \\(B)
A. few people qualify as \\
B. there is no proof that \\
C. natural leaders are easily accepted by the members of a group
D. natural leaders share a similar set of characteristics
解析：推理题。定位句说明虽然研究进行了很多年，但是并没有证据显示有统一的评判标准来确定团体领导。故选B。
5.The passage indicates that instrumental leaders generally focus on______.(D)
A. ensuring harmonious relationships
B. sharing responsibility with group members
C. identifying new leaders
D. achieving a goal
解析：细节题。定位句表明了工具型领导的特征，他们注重完成团体的任务，成员也依赖于他们完成任务的能力。故选D。
In its early history, Chicago had floods frequently, especially in the spring, making the streets so muddy that people, horses, and carts got stuck. An old joke that was popular at the time went something like this: A man is stuck up to his waist in a muddy Chicago street. Asked if he needs help, he replies, \\
6.The author mentions the joke to show______.(B)
A. horses were fairly useful in Chicago
B. Chicago’ s streets were extremely muddy
C. Chicago was very dangerous in the spring
D. the Chicago people were particularly humorous
解析：推理题。根据文章开头的叙述，芝加哥早期经常洪水泛滥，街道满是泥泞。作者通过这个众所周知的笑话来说明街道泥泞的程度十分严重。故选B。
7.The city planners were convinced by Ellis Chesbrough to______.(D)
A. get rid of the street dirt
B. lower the Chicago River
C. fight against heavy floods
D. build the pipes above ground
解析：细节题。当时的城市规划者们面临两个选择，要么升高城市的街道，要么降低河流的海拔。这
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