专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷225
选择题
(1) There\’s this great recurring Saturday Night Live skit from several years back where Phil Hartman plays an unfrozen caveman who goes to law school. He pontificates (发表武断的意见) on the American judicial system while marveling at modern technology like The Tiny People in The Magic Box (a TV). It fits a common stereotype: Human ancestors were, well, cavemen, and not as smart as we are today. A new hypothesis from a Stanford geneticist tries to turn this stereotype upside down.
(2) Human intelligence may have actually peaked before our ancient predecessors ever left Africa, Gerald Crabtree writes in two new journal articles. Genetic mutations during the past several millennia are causing a decline in overall human intellectual and emotional fitness, he says. Evolutionary pressure no longer favors intellect, so the problem is getting worse. He is careful to say that this is taking quite a long time, so it\’s not like your grandparents are models of brilliance while your children will be cavemen rivaling Hartman\’s SNL character. But he does maintain that an ancient Athenian, plucked from 1000 BC, would be \\
1.According to the passage, Saturday Night Live skit is a______.(A)
A. TV series with a playful spirit
B. documentary on human ancestors
C. talk show on exotic experiences
D. radio program on modern technology
解析：事实细节题。根据第一段的描述可知，《周六夜现场》是一档具有调侃风格、以轻松搞笑为目的并结合现今社会话题的滑稽短剧，类似于一些情景喜剧，故A为答案。
2.Which of the following would Gerald Crabtree most likely DISAGREE with?(B)
A. Genetic mutations play a significant part in the decline of human intelligence.
B. Harmful mutations tend to be unchangeable and easy to get rid of.
C. Human beings today are no longer pressured to improve their intellect.
D. Natural selection is useful in the process of evolution only on some occasions.
解析：观点态度题。根据第二段可知，克拉布特认为基因变异在人类智力的衰退过程中起着重要作用，进化过程如今已不再选择更优智力，因此人们再也不像先祖那样在智力的发展方面存在压力，所以与智力有关的基因已不再那么活跃，综上所述，A和C都是克拉布特认同的观点，故均排除；根据第三段可知，B“有害的变异不易变化，且易于清除”与其观点相悖，故选B；根据第七段可知，克拉布特认为只有自然选择发挥作用时人类才会得到改善，比起五十万年前人类先祖迫于生存而使基因最优化的过程，究竟有多大程度的自然选择正在发生还不确定，因此D“进化过程中，自然选择仅在一些场合下起作用”符合其观点，故也排除。
3.Kevin Mitchell raises doubts about Gerald Crabtree’s hypothesis in all of the following aspects EXCEPT its______.(A)
A. self-contradictory nature
B. neglect of the power of natural selection
C. research methodology and references
D. characterization of genes
解析：事实细节题。根据第十段第一、二句可知，米切尔除了质疑克拉布特采用的研究方法和参考文献外，对其在基因特性的描述上也提出了异议；另外，根据第五段可知，米切尔认为克拉布特在提出进化压力不再对智力有利、与智力有关的基因正在产生更多的有害变异时，并未考虑到进化过程中自然选择的强大作用，其观点比较片面，综上所述，B、C和D都是米切尔对克拉布特的假说提出质疑的具体方面，故都排除；A“此假说自相矛盾的本质”原文未提及，故为答案。
4.Which of the following would be the BEST title for the passage?(C)
A. A New Hypothesis Against a Common Stereotype.
B. The Pros and Cons of Genetic Mutations.
C. Human Intelligence—Declined or Not?
D. Evolution Process and Human Intellect.
解析：主旨大意题。作者以一部滑稽短剧开场，借古论今，指出剧中反映了现代人比人类祖先更聪明这一普遍观点，随后笔锋一转，介绍了遗传学家克拉布特提出的新假说，即现代人不一定比他们的祖先聪明，甚至在过去几千年间人类的智力正在逐渐衰退。作者接着介绍了克拉布特的主要观点、实验内容和方法，同时陈述了另一位遗传学家凯文-米切尔对克拉布特假说的反驳。综上所述，C“人类智力已经走下坡路了吗?”最能概括全文大意，故为答案。
(1) Social mobility in the U. K. could be reversed unless the government and universities make changes to encourage and pay for more students from disadvantaged backgrounds to take degrees, according to the gov
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